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MUST KNOW FORMULAS Flashcards

1
Q

how many mL in 1 tsp

A

5mL

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2
Q

how many mL in 1 tbsp

A

15mL

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3
Q

how many mL in 1 fl oz

A

30 mL (approx), 29.57 mL (actual)

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4
Q

how many oz & mL in 1 cup

A

8 oz = 240 mL (approx), 236.56 mL (actual)

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5
Q

how many oz & mL in 1 pint

A

16 oz = 480 mL (approx), 473 mL (actual)

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6
Q

how many mL in 1 quart

A

2 pints = 960 mL (approx), 946 mL (actual)

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7
Q

how many mL in 1 gallon

A

4 quarts = 3840 mL approx), 3785 mL (actual)

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8
Q

how many pounds in 1 kg

A

2.2 lb

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9
Q

how many grams in 1 oz

A

28.4 g

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10
Q

how many grams in 1 pound

A

454 g

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11
Q

how many mg in 1 grain

A

65 mg (approx), 64.8 (actual)

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12
Q

mEq to mmol for monovalent ions

A

1:1

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13
Q

mEq to mmol for divalent ions

A

1:0.5

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14
Q

how many cm in 1 in

A

2.54 cm

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15
Q

how many cm in 1 m

A

100 cm

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16
Q

CBC fish bone diagram

A

going zigzag left to right: WBC, Hgb, Hct, Plt

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17
Q

BMP fish bone diagram

A

going zigzag left to right: Na, K, Cl, HCO3, BUN, SCr, Glucose

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18
Q

%w/v

A

X g / 100mL

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19
Q

%v/v

A

X mL / 100mL

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20
Q

%w/w

A

X g / 100g

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21
Q

percentage strength formula

A

percentage strength = 100 / ratio strength

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22
Q

ratio strength formula

A

ratio strength = 100 / percentage strength

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23
Q

PPM to percentage strength formula

A

move decimal left 4 places

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24
Q

percentage strength to PPM formula

A

move decimal right 4 places

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25
specific gravity formula
SG = weight of substance (g) / weight of equal volume of water (g) SG = g/mL
26
dilution & concentration formula
* for changing strength or quantity Q1*C1 = Q2*C2
27
alligation formula
*use proportions to calculate amount of high% and/or low% required
28
osmolarity formula
mOSmol/L = [weight of substance (g/L) / MW (g/mole) ] * (# of particles) * 1000
29
isotonicity formula
E = [(58.5) * (i) ] / [(MW of drug)*(1.8)]
30
moles formula
mols = g / MW
31
millimoles formula
mmol = mg / MW
32
milliequivalents formula
mEq = (mg * valence) / MW mEq = mmols * valence
33
enteral nutrition calories for protein
4 kcal/g
34
enteral nutrition calories for carbs
4 kcal/g
35
enteral nutrition calories for fats
9 kcal/g
36
parenteral nutrition calories for proteins
4 kcal/g
37
parenteral nutrition calories for dextrose
3.4 kcal/g
38
parenteral nutrition calories for lipids
ILE 10% = 1.1 kcal/mL ILE 20% = 2 kcal/mL ILE 30% = 3 kcal/mL
39
determining fluid needs formula
when weight >20kg: 1500mL + (20mL)(weight in kg - 20) *can estimate using 30-40 mL/kg/day (TBW)
40
total energy expenditure formula
TEE = BEE * activity factor * stress factor
41
grams of nitrogen from protein
nitrogen (g) = protein intake (g) / 6.25
42
corrected calcium for albumin <3.5
*not needed for ionized Ca Ca corrected (mg/dL) = serum Ca + 0.8(4 - albumin)
43
BMI formula
BMI (kg/m2) = weight (kg) / [height (m)]^2 BMI = [weight (lbs)] / [height (in)]^2] * 703
44
underweight BMI
<18
45
normal BMI
18.5-24.9
46
overweight BMI
25-29.9
47
obese BMI
≥30
48
IBW formula
IBW (males) = 50kg + 2.3(# in >5 ft) IBW (females) = 45.5kg + 2.3(# in >5 ft)
49
adjusted body weight formula
AdjBW = IBW + 0.4(TBW-IBW)
50
weight to use for all drugs (if underweight)
TBW
51
weight to use for most drugs (if normal weight or obese)
TBW *LMWH, UFH, vanco
52
weight to use for acyclovir, aminophylline, levothyroxine
IBW
53
weight to use for theophylline (normal weight, obese)
IBW
54
weight to use for AMGs (obese)
AdjBW
55
flow rates/drop factor (drops/min) formula
(#drops/mL) * (mL/hr) * (hr/60 min) = #drops/min
56
dehydration formula
BUN:SCR >20:1
57
cockcroft-gault equation
CrCl (mL/min) = [[(140-age) * weight (kg)] / (72 * SCr)] * x0.85 if female
58
ABG formula
ABG: pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3/O2 sat
59
steps to determining acidosis/alkalosis
1. pH <7.35 = acidosis & pH >7.45 = alkalosis 2. respiratory: pCO2 <35 = alkalosis & pCO2 >45 = acidosis || metabolic: HCO3 >26 = alkalosis, HCO3 <22 = acidosis 3. look at abnormalities & determine
60
anion gap formula
AG = Na - Cl - HCO3
61
weak acid formula
pH = pKa + log[salt/acid]
62
weak base formula
pH = pKa + log[base/salt]
63
weak acid percent ionization
% ionization = 100 / [1 + 10^(pKa-pH)]
64
weak base percent ionization
% ionization = 100 / [1 + 10^(pH-pKa)]
65
ANC formula
ANC (cells/mm3) = WBC * [(%segs + %bands)/100]
66
neutropenia classification
2200-8000 = normal <1000 = neutropenia <500 = severe <100 = profound
67
F to C formula
C = (F - 32) / 1.8
68
C to F formula
F = (C * 1.8) + 32
69
time to burn formula
TTB (with sunscreen in min_ = SPF * TTB (without sunscreen)
70
how much elemental calcium in calcium carbonate?
40% elemental calcium
71
how much elemental calcium in calcium citrate
21% elemental calcium
72
how much elemental calcium in calcium acetate
25% elemental Ca *used as phosphate binder, not Ca supplementation
73
mean
average value
74
median
value in the middle of an ordered list
75
mode
value that occurs most frequently
76
risk formula
risk = # subjects in group w/ unfavorable event / total # subjects
77
relative risk formula
RR = risk in treatment group / risk in control group
78
relative risk reduction formula
RRR = (%risk in control group - %risk in treatment group) / %risk in control group
79
absolute risk reduction formula
ARR = (%risk in control group ) - (%risk in treatment group)
80
number needed to treat formula
NNT = 1 / ARR (decimal) *ALWAYS ROUND UP
81
number needed to harm formula
NNH = 1 / ARR (decimal) *ALWAYS ROUND DOWN
82
odds ratio formula
OR = AD/BC A = outcome present & exposure present B = outcome absent * exposure present C = outcome present & exposure absent D = outcome absent & exposure absent
83
hazard ratio formula
HR = hazard rate in treatment group / hazard rate in control group
84
incremental cost-effective ratio
ICR = (C2 - C1) / (E2 - E1) C = costs E = effects
85
pack year smoking history formula
pack-year smoking history = cig packs/day * years smoked
86
how to initiate basal-bolus insulin in type 1 diabetes
1. calculate TDD of 0.5 units/kg/day with TBW 2. divide into 1/2 basal & 1/2 rapid acting; if using NPH/R, use 2/3 & 1/3 3. split rapid-acting among meals
87
which rules do we use for regular insulin
ICR rule of 450 CF rule of 1500
88
which rules do we use for rapid-acting insulin
ICR rule of 500 CF rule of 1800
89
insulin-to-carb ratio: rule of 450 formula
450 / TDD = grams of carb covered by 1 unit of REGULAR insulin
90
insulin-to-carb ratio: rule of 500 formula
500 / TDD = grams of carb covered by 1 unit of RAPID-ACTING insulin
91
correction factor: 1500 rule
1500 / TDD = correction factor for 1 unit of REGULAR insulin
92
correction factor: 1800 rule
1800 / TDD = correction factor for 1 unit of RAPID-ACTING insulin
93
correction dose formula
(current BG - target BG) / correction factor = correction dose
94
friedewald equation
LDL = TC - HDL - (TG/5) * DNU if TG >400!!
95
minimum weighable quantity formula
MWQ = sensitivity requirement / acceptable error rate (usually 0.05)
96
Mosteller BSA formula
BSA (m2) = sqrt [(ht in cm * wt in kg) / 3600]
97
bioavailability formula
F(%) = 100 * (AUCextravascular / AUCintravenous) * (Doseintravenous / Doseextravascular)
98
volume of distribution formula
Vd = amount of drug in body / concentration of drug in plasma
99
clearance formula
Cl = (F * dose) / AUC Cl = ke * Vd
100
elimination rate constant formula
ke = Cl / Vd
101
predicting drug concs formula
C2 = C1 * e^(-kt) ke = [ln (C1/C2)] / t
102
half-life formula
t1/2 = 0.693 / Ke
103
loading dose formula
LD = (desired concentration * Vd) / F
104
mean arterial pressure
MAP = [(2 * DBP) + SBP] / 3
105
phenytoin correction formula for albumin <3.5
corrected PHT (mcg/mL) = serum PHT / [(0.2 * albumin) + 0.1]
106
conversion of KCl PO sol to tabs
KCl 10% = 20 mEq/15 mL
107
conversion of aminophylline to theophylline
A * 0.8 = T
108
conversions of statins
pitavastatin 2mg rosuvastatin 5mg atorvastatin 10mg simvastatin 20mg lovastatin 40mg pravastatin 40mg fluvastatin 80mg
109
opioid conversions
morphine: 10mg (IV) = 30mg (PO) hydromorphone: 1.5mg (IV) = 7.5mg (PO) oxydocone: no IV = 20mg (PO)
110
IV to PO - metoprolol
IV:PO = 1:2.5
111
conversions of loop diuretics
ethacrynic acid 50mg furosemide 40mg torsemide 20mg bumetanide 1mg
112
IV to PO - furosemide
IV:PO = 1:2
113
IV to PO - other loop diuretics
IV:PO = 1:1
114
how much elemental iron is in ferrous sulfate
20% elemental iron
115
conversion of insulins
usually 1:1 NPH BID -> glargine QD = use 80% of NPH dose toujeo -> other glargine or detemir = use 80% of Toujeo dose
116
IV to PO - levothyroxine
IV:PO = 0.75:1
117
conversion of steroids
cortisone 25mg hydrocortisone 20mg prednisone 5mg prednisolone 5mg methylprednisolone 4mg triamcinolone 4mg dexamethasone 0.75mg betamethasone 0.6mg
118
conversion of lithium
5mL lithium citrate syrup = 300mg lithium carbonate = 8mEq Li+ ion
119
age classification
neonate = 0-28 days infant = 1-12 months toddler = 1-2 years child = 2-12 years adolescent = 13-18 years

NAPLEX (9 decks)

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