Mutation, Selection, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift + Nonrandom Mating = Evolution Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is a mutation
Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organisms DNA
What is a synonymous mutation
The amino acid doesn’t change
What is a nonsynonymous mutation
the amino acid changes
Why do mutations which occur vary among organisms
- the efficiency of DNA repair mechanisms
- exposure to mutagens
What is a gene pool
The sum of all copies of alleles within a population
When does selection occur
When there’s a difference in the survival and/or reproduction of individuals based on their phenotype
What is natural selection
When the differences in fitness occurs due to conditions in the biotic of abiotic environment
What is artificial selection
When the differences in fitness occurs due to human preference for traits
What is sexual selection
When individuals mate preferentially with particular individuals rather than at random
What is migration
The movement of individuals or gametes
If migrants survive and reproduce, what is that called
Gene flow
What is genetic drift
Random changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next
In what type of populations does genetic drift have a larger impact
On small populations
What is population bottleneck
When a population is dramatically reduced in size ,by chance the small number of survivors may not be representative of the original population
What is the founder affect
When a population is started by a small number of individuals they are unlikely to possess all of the alleles found in the egene pool of the source population - rare alleles are likely to be lost
