Mutations Flashcards
(12 cards)
1
Q
What is a mutation ?
A
- a change in the sequence of bases in the genetic code or a change in chromosome structure or number
2
Q
What are the two types of mutations?
A
- Gene mutations
- Chromosome mutations
3
Q
Where do most mutations occur?
A
In somatic (body) cells
4
Q
What are spontaneous mutations?
A
mutations in genes an chromosomes can result from errors in
- DNA replication
- cell division
5
Q
What are induced mutations?
A
damage done by mutagens can increase the chance of a mutation occurring
E.g. radiation, chemicals etc.
6
Q
What are the type of gene mutations?
A
- substitution
- Insertion
- deletion
7
Q
What is substitution
A
- when one base replaces another
8
Q
What is insertion?
A
When one or more extra bases are added
9
Q
What is deletion
A
When one or more bases are deleted
10
Q
What are chromosome mutations
A
- when chromosomes do not seperate correctly in meiosis
- non-disjunction
11
Q
What can non disjunction lead to ?
A
- an abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes
- can lead to genetic disorders
12
Q
Are mutations a driver off evolution?
A
Yes
