{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }

Mutations Flashcards

(22 cards)

1
Q

How are mutations caused?

A

Caused by a random change in an organism’s DNA. One or more of the nitrogenous basis have been changed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do mutation occur during the process of making copies of your DNA?

A

If an incorrect nitrogen base is copied, and the make is not detected by your cell, it becomes a mutation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

External causes of mutation

A
  • exposure to high energy rays ( radioactive chemicals )
  • exposure to chemicals
    ( drugs, alcohol)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of gene mutations

A

Point mutation, frameshift mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Point mutation

A

Change in one or a few nucleotides

Substitution, insertion, deletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Substitution

A

Adding a letter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Insertion

A

Adding a sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Deletion

A

Deleting a sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Frameshift mutation

A

Shift the reading frame so the genetic code will not make sense

Insertion, deletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Somatic mutation

A
  • Affect any cell besides sex cells

-does not get passed onto offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Germline mutation

A

Affects a sperm or egg and every cell in your body will have this mutation and it may get passed on to offspring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Positive mutation

A

Some mutations provide an advantage, which improve the chances of survival of an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Example of positive mutation

A

A longer neck for giraffes so that they can eat from tall trees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neutral mutation

A

Does not affect the chance of survival of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Example of a neutral mutation

A

Freckles, attached earlobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Negative mutation

A

Hurt the chance of survival of an organism

17
Q

Example of negative mutation

A

Cause of cancer, disease like cystic fibrosis

18
Q

A mutation may be positive, neutral, negative depending on

A

The environment

19
Q

How do mutations affect life?

A

Mutations, genetic diversity, natural selection, evolution

20
Q

Genetic diversity

A

Different types of alleles in the population of an organism

21
Q

Natural selection

A

Process where favourite traits are more likely to survive and be passed on to offspring “survival of the fittest”

22
Q

Evolution

A

Theory behind how a species change is gradually over thousands of years. Takes place because of natural selection.