Mutations Flashcards

(22 cards)

1
Q

How are mutations caused?

A

Caused by a random change in an organism’s DNA. One or more of the nitrogenous basis have been changed.

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2
Q

How do mutation occur during the process of making copies of your DNA?

A

If an incorrect nitrogen base is copied, and the make is not detected by your cell, it becomes a mutation.

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3
Q

External causes of mutation

A
  • exposure to high energy rays ( radioactive chemicals )
  • exposure to chemicals
    ( drugs, alcohol)
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4
Q

Types of gene mutations

A

Point mutation, frameshift mutation

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5
Q

Point mutation

A

Change in one or a few nucleotides

Substitution, insertion, deletion

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6
Q

Substitution

A

Adding a letter

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7
Q

Insertion

A

Adding a sequence

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8
Q

Deletion

A

Deleting a sequence

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9
Q

Frameshift mutation

A

Shift the reading frame so the genetic code will not make sense

Insertion, deletion

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10
Q

Somatic mutation

A
  • Affect any cell besides sex cells

-does not get passed onto offspring

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11
Q

Germline mutation

A

Affects a sperm or egg and every cell in your body will have this mutation and it may get passed on to offspring.

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12
Q

Positive mutation

A

Some mutations provide an advantage, which improve the chances of survival of an organism.

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13
Q

Example of positive mutation

A

A longer neck for giraffes so that they can eat from tall trees.

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14
Q

Neutral mutation

A

Does not affect the chance of survival of an organism

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15
Q

Example of a neutral mutation

A

Freckles, attached earlobes

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16
Q

Negative mutation

A

Hurt the chance of survival of an organism

17
Q

Example of negative mutation

A

Cause of cancer, disease like cystic fibrosis

18
Q

A mutation may be positive, neutral, negative depending on

A

The environment

19
Q

How do mutations affect life?

A

Mutations, genetic diversity, natural selection, evolution

20
Q

Genetic diversity

A

Different types of alleles in the population of an organism

21
Q

Natural selection

A

Process where favourite traits are more likely to survive and be passed on to offspring “survival of the fittest”

22
Q

Evolution

A

Theory behind how a species change is gradually over thousands of years. Takes place because of natural selection.