mutlicelluar organisms stage 1 Flashcards
(38 cards)
what are cells
cells are the basic units of life
a cell is the smallest thing that can be independent
all living things whether plant animal fungus or bacteria are made up of cells
organisms can be made up of only one cell what is this called
unicellular
organisms can be made up of many types of cells what is this called
multicellular
what does specialisation of cells lead to
specialised of cells leads to the formation of a variety of cells tissues and organs
what is hierarchy
the formation of cells-tissues-organ-systems
name 3 types of cells
root hair cell
red blood cells
sperm cell
what is the function of a root hair cell
large surface area for absorption of water and minerals from surrounding soil
what is the function of a red blood cell
contains a red protein called haemoglobin which joins with oxygen
large surface area for oxygen to uptake
has no nucleus
small and flexible to go through capillaries
biconcave
what is the function of a sperm cell
head contains enzymes which allows it to digest into an egg cell and join with it
long tail which provides movement so it can swim to egg to fertilise it
haploid to form diploid zygote
name a cell types and its structure which relates to its function
epithelial cell
structure:
flat (irregular shape allowing cells to form a loose covering layer constantly replaced by wear and tear
function:
protection of mouth lining
name another cell type and it’s structure which relates to its function
motor neuron (type of nerve cell)
structure:
axon ( long, insulated extension of the cytoplasm)
function:
transmission of nerve impulses
name another cell type and its structure which relates to its function
gaurd cell
structure:
sausage shape, thick inner wall facing stoma
function:
control gaseous exchange by changing shape
stoma opens, closes
name another cell type and its structure which relates to its function
epidermal cell (root cell)
structure:
box-like shape allowing cells to fit together like a brick wall
function:
protection
what are tissues
tissues are made from groups of cells with similar structure and function
give an example of a tissue and explain further about the types of cells that make it up
nerve tissue:
nerves carry impulses between the brain and spinal cord and other parts of the body
cells: neurons which have axons (long insulated extention of the cytoplasm) to transport nerve impulses
what are organs
organs are groups of tissues working together. these tissues are coordinated to perform one or more functions
give an example and organs and organ systems working together
the nervous system is composed of nerve cells, which make up nerve tissue, which together makes up the brain or nerves
how is the heart made
the cardiac muscle tissue contracts, making the heart pump
the nerve tissue brings the messages that tell the heart how fast to beat
the blood tissue is carried from the heart to other organs of the body
what are chromosomes
chromosome are threadlike structures found inside the nucleus of plant and animal cells
what does each chromosome carry
each chromosome carries a set of genes which is a section of DNA that codes for a protein
what is a chromosome complement
a chromosome complement is when each species has a definite and characteristic number of chromosomes present in each cell
what is the meaning diploid
diploid is two matching sets of chromosomes
what is mitosis used for
growth
replacing dead or damaged cells
repair of damaged tissues
what is stage 1 of mitosis
diploid parent cell
