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Myco Viro > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

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1
Q

3 principal parts of Fungi

A

1 Nucleus
2 Cytoplasm or plasma membrane
3 Rigid cell wall

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2
Q

Most fungi are

A

obligate or facultative aerobes

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3
Q

True or False: Fungi are chemotrophic

A
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4
Q

Fungi that possess a polysaccharide capsule

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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5
Q

Function of cell wall and capsule

A

Protection
Transport of substances
Involved in host response

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6
Q

Basic forms of fungi

A

Yeast and molds

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7
Q

may reproduce either asexually or sexually

A

DIMORPHIC FUNGI

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8
Q

All fungi, with the exception of yeast, are composed of filamentous or tube-like filaments called

A

HYPHAE

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9
Q

CLASSIFICATION Hyphae/Hypha
Aseptate/Coenocytic Hypha

A

No cross-walls/division
Ex. Zygomycetes (Rhizopus and Mucor)

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10
Q

Septate Hypha

A

With cross-walls/ division
All fungi except Zygomycetes

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11
Q

Types of Hyphae: Favic Chandelier

A

Moose Antlers

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12
Q

Types of Hyphae: Rhizoids

A

Root like

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13
Q

Types of Hyphae: Racquet

A

Club shape

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14
Q

Types of Hyphae: Spiral

A

Tightly coiled

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15
Q

Types of Hyphae: Pectinate

A

Broken Comb

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16
Q

The mass of growing hyphae

A

Mycelium

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17
Q

3 types of mycelium

A

-Aerial Mycelium
-Reproductive Mycelium
-Vegetative/Thallus Mycelium

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18
Q

Portion projecting above the
substrate and capable of forming the spores

A

Reproductive
Mycelium

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19
Q

Penetrates into the substrate
and absorbs food

A

Vegetative/Thallus
Mycelium

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20
Q

Unicellular fungi which reproduce by budding

A

Yeasts

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21
Q

Example of yeast

A

Cryptococcus neoformans (capsulated yeast)

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22
Q

Grow partly as yeasts and partly as elongated cells resembling hyphae which are called

A

pseudo hyphae

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23
Q

Example of pseudo hyphae

A

Candida albicans

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24
Q

Produces creamy colonies resembling bacterial colonies

A

Yeast

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25
Cottony mycelial mass
Mold
26
Form true mycelia & reproduce by formation of different types of spores.
Molds/ Filamentous fungi Vegetative/ aerial hyphae
27
Example of molds/filamentous fungi
Rhizopus and Mucor
28
capable of single growth phase
Monomorphic
29
Example of monomorphic
Sepedonium
30
capable of 2 growth phases
Dimorphic
31
Grow in room temp 22-25degreeC
Molds
32
Grow in body temp 37degreesC
Yeast
33
Example of yeast
Sporothrix schenckii Blastomyces dermatitides Histoplasma capsulatum Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
34
both mold and yeast phase in the sam culture
Polymorphism
35
Example of polymorphism
Exophiala spp
36
Nuclear division and reduction resulting in the formation of haploid nuclei without the cytoplasm Chromosome number contained with haploid nuclei is 1⁄2 the number of chromosome in the mother cell
Meiosis
37
Division of nuclear chromosome and cytoplasm resulting to 2 daughter cells
Mitosis
38
Characterized by feeding or trophic activities and also in the absorption of nutrients
Somatic phase
39
2 general types: ◦ Asexual or Imperfect State (Anamorph) ◦ Sexual or Perfect State (Telemorph)
Reproductive Phase
40
2 general types of Reproductive phase
Asexual or Imperfect State (Anamorph) ◦ Sexual or Perfect State (Telemorph)
41
carried out by specialized fruiting structures known as CONIDIOGENOUS cells.
Asexual reproduction
42
TWO COMMON CONNIDIOGENOUS CELLS
PHIALIDES: vaselike strutures that produce phialoconidia ANNELIDES: rringed structures that produce annelloconidia
43
vaselike strutures that produce phialoconidia
PHIALIDES
44
rringed structures that produce annelloconidia
ANNELIDES
45
Imperfect Fungi (cannot reproduce sexually)
Asexual spores
46
Perfect Fungi (can reproduce sexually)
Sexual Spores
47
Arise from the side of the hyphae
Conidia
48
– appear small and unicellular (Asexual spores; Conidia)
Microconidia
49
large and multicellular (Asexual spores; Condidia)
Macroconidia
50
Derived from simple budding
Blastoconidia
51
– thick-walled spores that are formed during unfavorable conditions;
Chlamydoconidia
52
@ tip of the hyphae
Terminal Chlamydoconidia
53
whithin the hyphal strand
Intercalary Chlamydoconidia
54
@ the side of the hyphae
Sessile Chlamydoconidia
55
“Arthro” – joint (appear jointed) Derived from fragmentation of mycelium Barrel-shaped or rectangular spores Disjunctor cell – empty cell between each spore Fungi with arthroconidia
Arthroconidia
56
Fungi with arthroconidia
Coccidioides immitis Geotrichum candidum
57
Asexual spores are enclosed in a sporangium borne on a specialized hypha known as a
sporangiophore
58
4 classes based in sexual spore formation
Zygomycetes Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes Deuteromycetes (fungi imperfectii)
59
A fungus that reproduces sexually known as
teleomorph
60
asexual formed
ANAMORPH
61
more than one anamorph is present for the same teleomorph
SYNANAMORPH
62
◦ Enclosed in a sac-like structure called ascus ◦ 2-8 spores
Ascospores
63
Derived from the fusion of 2 identical spores from the same hypha
Zygospores
64
Derived from the fusion of 2 cells from non-identical separate hyphae
Oospores
65
Enclosed in a club shaped structure called basidium
Basidiospores
66
●Group of fungi whose sexual phases are not identified. ●Grow as molds as well as yeasts. ●Asexual stage – conidia e.g. Candida, Cryptococcus
Deuteromycetes or Fungi mperfectii
67
Asexual stage of Deuteromycetes or Fungi imperfectii
Conidia
68
Example of Deuteromycetes or Fungi mperfectii
e.g. Candida, Cryptococcus
69
Include fungi that are not completely classified due to the absence (not recognized) of sexual state
FUNGI IMPERFECTI
70
Example of FUNGI IMPERFECTI
These include Candida, Torulopsis and Epidermophyton
71
often opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Produce profuse gray to white, aerial mycelium characterized by the presence of sparsely septate hyphae Asexual reproduction is characterized by the presence of sporangiophores and sporangiospore Sexual reproduction is zygospores
Zygomycota
72
Common zygomycetes includes:
MUCOR, RHIZOPUS AND ABSIDIA
73
Sexual reproduction of zygomycota
Zygospores
74
Characterize by the production of sexual spores known as ASCOSPORES Formed within a saclike structure known as an ASCUS
ASCOMYCOTA
75
ASCOMYCOTA example
MICROSPORUM SPP; TRICHOPHYTON SPP; PSEUDOLLESCHERIA SPP.
76
One clue that a mould is basidiomycetes is the presence of
CLAMP CONNECTIONS

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