Mycology

Question 0

Eukaryotic, with complex carbohydrate cell walls

Answer 0

Fungi

Question 1

Study of Fungi

Answer 1

Mycology

Question 2

Major membrane sterol; Targeted by imidazole antifungals

Answer 2

Ergosterol

Question 3

Require organic carbon

Answer 3

Heterotrophic nutrition

Question 4

Living on dead organic material

Answer 4

Saprophytic or saprobic

Question 5

Fungus living on another organism

Answer 5

Parasitic

Question 6

2 Basic Forms of Fungi

Answer 6

Yeast

Molds

Question 7

2 types of Host Response

Answer 7

Granulomatous

Pyogenic

Question 8

Causes liver necrosis due to amanitin and phylloidin

Answer 8

Amanita mushrooms

Question 9

Ingestion of contaminated peanuts and grains causes liver cancer due to Aflatoxin

Answer 9

Aspergillus flavus

Question 10

Dissolves human cells, allowing visualization

Answer 10

KOH preparation

Question 11

Low pH inhibits the growth of bacteria

Answer 11

Sabouraud’s agar

Question 12

Infect only superficial keratinized structures; Transmission: direct contact, dogs, cats; Chronic infections often located in warm, humid areas of the body; inflames circular border containing papules and vesicles surrounding a clear area of relatively normal skin

Answer 12

Dermatophytoses

Question 13

Dermatophyte Infection: Athlete’s foot

Answer 13

Tinea pedis

Question 14

Dermatophyte Infection: Nails

Answer 14

Tinea unguium

Question 15

Dermatophyte Infection: Jock itch

Answer 15

Tinea cruris

Question 16

Dermatophyte Infection: Body

Answer 16

Tinea corporis

Question 17

Dermatophyte Infection: Scalp

Answer 17

Tinea capitis

Question 18

Dermatophyte Infection: Facial hair

Answer 18

Tinea barbae

Question 19

Dermatophyte Infection: Hand

Answer 19

Tinea manum

Question 20

Treatment for Dermatophyte Infection

Answer 20

Local antifungal creams

Question 21

Superficial skin infection of cosmetic importance; Hypopigmented areas; Spaghetti and meatballs appearance on 10% KOH

Answer 21

Tinea versicolor (Malassezia furfur)

Question 22

Treatment for Tinea versicolor

Answer 22

Miconazole

Question 23

Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation; Occurs most often in gardeners, especially those who prune roses; Transmission: thorn prick

Answer 23

Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii)

Question 24

Treatment of Sporotrichosis

Answer 24

Itraconazole or Potassium iodide

Question 25

Dimorphic fungus that exists as a mold in soil and as a spherule in tissue; Transmission: inhalation of arthrospores; Granuloma in bones and CNS; Dissemination in those who have defective CMI

Answer 25

Coccidioides immitis

Question 26

Influenza-like illness with lung infiltrates, adenopathy or effusions, erythema nodosum (desert bumbs), arthralgias, meningitis

Answer 26

Valley Fever

Question 27

DOC for Valley Fever

Answer 27

DOC: Amphotericin B

Question 28

Dimorphic fungus with 2 types of asexual spores; Grows in soil contaminated with bird droppings (Starling) or bat guano; Transmission: inhalation of airborne microconidia

Answer 28

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 29

Inhaled microconidia develop into budding yeast inside macrophages; Spread in the liver and spleenn; Dissemination in those who have defective CMI; Closely mimics tuberculosis

Answer 29

Histoplasmosis

Question 30

Can you name 2 great mimickers of PTB?

Answer 30

Histoplasma capsulatum | Paragonimus westermani

Question 31

DOC of Histoplasmosis

Answer 31

DOC: Amphotericin B

Question 32

Dimorphic fungus with round yeast with broad base bud; Transmission: Inhalation of conidia; Most common cause of fungal pneumonia

Answer 32

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 33

Chronic pneumonia, ulcerates granulomas, lytic bone lesions and prostatitis

Answer 33

Blastomycosis

Question 34

DOC for Blastomycosis

Answer 34

DOC: Amphotericin B (Fluconazole- if with brain involvement)

Question 35

Dimorphic fungi with thick yeast with multiple buds in wheel configuration (mariner's wheel/sailor's wheel); Transmission: inhalation of conidia

Answer 35

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Question 36

Chronic pneumonia with painful ulcers on mouth and nose

Answer 36

Lutz-Almeida-Splendore Disease

Question 37

Treatment of Lutz-Almeida-Splendore Disease

Answer 37

DOC: Amphotericin B

Question 38

May appear as oval yeast with single bud or as pseudohyphae; Form germ tubes in serum and Chlamydo-spores in culture

Answer 38

Candida albicans

Question 39

Candidiasis in immunocompetent pts

Answer 39

``` Oral thrush Vulvovaginitis (curd-like discharge) Intertrigo (on skin folds) Skin infections (satellite lesions) Onychomycosis ```

Question 40

Candidiasis in immunocompromised pts

Answer 40

Pseudomembranous esophagitis Subcutaneous nodules Right-sided endocarditis (in IV drug users)

Question 41

Treatment for Candidiasis

Answer 41

Oropharyngeal candidiasis - Nystatin swish and spit Esophageal candidiasis - Nystatin swish and swallow Skin infections - Clotrimazole Disseminated Candidiasis - Amphotericin B Chemoprophylaxis - Fluconazole

Question 42

Oval yeast with narrow-based bud surrounded by a wide polysaccharide capsule seen in India Ink preparation; Grows abundantly in soil containing bird droppings (especially pigeons)

Answer 42

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 43

Test for Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 43

Positive Latex Agglutination Test (CALAS)

Question 44

Asymptomatic lung infection (asymptomatic pneumonia), meningitis, encephalitis

Answer 44

Cryptococcidiosis

Question 45

Treatment of Cryptococcidiosis

Answer 45

DOC: Amphotericin B and Flucytosine (can cross BBB)

Question 46

Exist only as molds; Septate hyphae that form V-shaped (dichotomous) branches; Transmission: inhalation of airborne conidia

Answer 46

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 47

Fungus ball in lung cavities

Answer 47

Aspergilloma

Question 48

Asthmatic symptoms with expectoration of brownish bronchial plugs

Answer 48

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)

Question 49

Treatment of Aspergillosis

Answer 49

DOC: Amphotericin B

Question 50

Saprophytic molds with nonseptate hyphae with walls and branches at right angles

Answer 50

Rhizopus oryzae and Mucor spp.

Question 51

Rhino-orbital-cerebral Infection with eschar formation; Patients with Diabetic ketoacidosis, burns, or leukemia

Answer 51

Mucormycosis

Question 52

Indeterminate organism; Major surface glycoprotein undergoes programmed rearrangements; Transmission: inhalation of cysts; Cysts in alveoli induce an inflammatory response consisting plasma cells (frothy exudate that blocks oxygen exchange)

Answer 52

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 53

Most common AIDS-defining illness; Occurs when CD4<200; Diffuse interstitial pneumonia with ground glass infiltrates bilaterally; 100% mortality

Answer 53

Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia (PCP)

Question 54

DOC for PCP

Answer 54

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole