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MICROBIOLOGY - PLE TOPNOTCH 2020 > MYCOLOGY > Flashcards

MYCOLOGY Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is associated with a lack of which immune function?

A

T-cell function

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2
Q

new yeast ‘‘buds’’

A

Blastoconidia

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3
Q

Inhibit β-glucan synthase decreasing fungal cell wall synthesis

A

Echinocandins

Caspofungin

Micafungin

Anidulafungin

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4
Q

“ringworm”

A

Tinea corporis

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5
Q

asexual spores of filamentous fungi (molds) or mushrooms

A

Conidia

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6
Q

Which organism causes fungemia in premature infants on IV lipid supplements?

A

Malassezia furfur

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7
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clostridioides difficile

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8
Q

Blocks nucleic acid synthesis by Inhibiting DNA and RNA polymerases

A

Flucytosine

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9
Q
  • endemic in Ohio and Mississippi River valleys
  • grows in soil contaminated with bird droppings (starlings) or bat guano
  • transmission by inhalation of airborne microconidia
A

HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM

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10
Q
  • grows abundantly in soil containing bird (especially pigeon) droppings
  • transmission by inhalation of airborne yeast cells
A

CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

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11
Q

DOC for coccidioidomycosis

A

Amphotericin B, Itraconazole

If meningitis occurs: Fluconazole

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12
Q

switch to a yeast growth form during infection, grow in a mycelial (mold) form at room temperature (25-30°C), and as a yeast at body temperature (37°C).

A

Thermally dimorphic fungi

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13
Q
  • exist only as molds
  • septate hyphae that form V-shaped (dichotomous) branches

*BRANCHING AT ACUTE ANGLES

A

ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS

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14
Q

live in harmony on humans, deriving their nutrition from compounds on body surfaces.

A

COMMENSAL COLONIZERS

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15
Q
  • normal flora of URT, GIT, FGUT
  • may appear as oval yeast with a single bud or as pseudohyphae
  • form germ tubes in serum and chlamydospores in culture
A

CANDIDA ALBICANS

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16
Q
  • grows abundantly in soil containing bird (especially pigeon) droppings
  • transmission by inhalation of airborne yeast cells
A

CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

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17
Q

lack regularly occurring cross walls. These cells are multinucleate and are also called coenocytic. They often are quite variable in width with broad-branching angles

A

Nonseptate or aseptate hyphae

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18
Q

(also known as “herpes tonsurans”, “ringworm of the hair”, “ringworm of the scalp”, “scalp ringworm”, and “tinea tonsurans”) is a cutaneous fungal infection (dermatophytosis) of the scalp. It is caused by Trichophyton and Microsporum.

A

Tinea capitis

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19
Q

Fluffy surface masses of hyphae and their ‘‘hidden’’ growth into tissue or lab medium

A

mycelia

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20
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF FUNGI

A

KOH preparation

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21
Q

DOC for PCP

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

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22
Q
  • ingestion of contaminated peanuts and grains causes liver cancer due to aflatoxin
  • aflatoxin B1 causes G:C → T:A mutation in codon 249 of p53
A

Aspergillus flavus

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23
Q

inflammatory reaction to dermatophytosis at a cutaneous site distant from the primary infection

A

dermatophytid reactions

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24
Q

Mode of transmission of Coccidioides immitis

A

inhalation of arthrospores

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25
* indeterminate organism * major surface glycoprotein undergoes **programmed rearrangements** * diagnosis by staining **BAL washings** o toluidine blue o methenamine silver stain
PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII
26
fungal elements in exudates, small skin scales, or frozen sections under a fluorescent microscope, giving the fungus a fluorescent bluewhite appearance on a black background.
Calcofluor white stain
27
MCC of meningoencephalitis in HIV
CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS
28
Spherules
• Coccidiomycoses
29
primary mechanism of resistance of C. albicans against azole antifungals
**Mutations in the 14-alpha-sterol demethylase enzyme** \* Azole antifungals (e.g. fluconazole) target demethylase enzymes involved in ergosterol synthesis. Altering these enzymes can consequently render the organism azole resistant.
30
conidia formed by laying down joints in hyphae followed by fragmentation of the hyphal strand
Arthroconidia
31
Hyphae (nonseptate)
**Mucormycosis**—species of Rhizopus, Lichtheimia, Cunninghamella, etc.
32
* **dimorphic** fungus * thick yeast with **multiple buds in wheel configuration (mariner’s wheel)** * restricted to Central and South America
PARACOCCIDIOIDES BRASILIENSIS
33
• Oval yeast with **narrow based bud** surrounded by a **wide polysaccharide capsule** **• India ink preparation** • **positive latex agglutination test (CALAS)**
. CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS
34
* saprophytic **molds** with **nonseptate hyphae** withOUT walls and branches at right angles * rhino-orbital-cerebral infection with **eschar** formation * patients with **diabetic ketoacidosis**, burns, or leukemia
MUCORMYCOSIS
35
live on dead organic material
SAPROBES / SAPROPHYTES
36
* dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation * occurs most often in **gardeners, especially those who prune roses** * transmission: thorn prick * treatment: **itraconazole**, **potassium iodide** for cutaneous form; amphotericin B for systemic disease
SPOROTRICHOSIS
37
PCP occurs at what CD4 levels
\< 200 | (most common AIDS-defining illness)
38
single-celled fungi, generally round to oval shaped. They reproduce by budding (blastoconidia).
YEASTS
39
ability to switch between a multicellular hyphal and unicellular yeast growth form is a tightly regulated process known as
dimorphic switching
40
• Inhibit fungal P450-dependent enzymes (lanosterol 14-a-demethylase) blocking ergosterol synthesis; resistance can occur with long-term use
**Azoles** Ketoconazole Fluconazole Itraconazole Posaconazole Voriconazole
41
**liver necrosis due** to **amanitin** and **phylloidin**
Amanita mushrooms
42
Hyphae (septate)
Hyalohyphomycosis—species of **Aspergillus**, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Trichosporon, et al.)
43
* dimorphic fungus * round yeast with **broad-based bud** * Endemic in eastern North America, (Ohio, Mississippi)
BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS
44
* **dimorphic fungus** * forms two types of asexual spores * **tuberculate macroconidia** * typical thick walls and fingerlike projections * important in laboratory identification * **microconidia** * smaller, thin, smooth-walled spores * if inhaled, transmit the infection
HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM
45
Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, forming leaky pores
**Polyenes** Amphotericin B
46
* dimorphic fungus * mold in soil * **spherule (not yeast) in tissue** * endemic in arid regions of the southwestern United States and Latin America * white to tan cottony colonies
COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS
47
**Valley fever/San Joaquin valley fever/Desert rheumatism** * Self-limited influenza-like illness with fever, malaise, cough, arthralgia, and headache * Hilar adenopathy with pulmonary infiltrates, pneumonia, pleural effusions, or nodules * Common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients from the southwest United States
COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS
48
Sclerotic cell (brownish cell walls)
Chromoblastomycosis
49
* **spaghetti and meatballs** appearance on 10% KOH * short, unbranched hyphae and numerous spherical cells that resemble **bacon and eggs.**
TINEA VERSICOLOR
50
inhalation of the spores causes **allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis** (IgE-mediated)
Aspergillus fumigatus
51
skin infections → satellite lesions
Candida albicans
52
Pseudomembranous pharyngitis
Diphtheria
53
Yeasts with capsules
Cryptococcosis
54
interferes with **microtubule** function in dermatophytes and may also inhibit the synthesis and polymerization of nucleic acids
Griseofulvin
55
cross walls of hyphae and occur in the hyphae of the great majority of the disease-causing fungi.
Septae or septations
56
filamentous (tube-like) cells of molds (also known as the filamentous fungi) and mushrooms. It grows at the tips (apical growth).
Hyphae
57
Which organism is associated with pseudomembranous esophagitis?
Candida
58
Transmission of BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS
inhalation of **conidia**
59
(hyphae with sausage-like constrictions at septations) are formed by some yeasts when they elongate but remain attached to each other.
PSEUDOHYPHAE
60
Inhibits epoxidation of squalene
Terbinafine
61
Sulfur granules
Mycetoma

MICROBIOLOGY - PLE TOPNOTCH 2020 (5 decks)

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