Mycoplasma spp - Muller

Question 1

Key facts about Mycoplasma?

Answer 1

1. Smallest free living bacT
2. NO CELL WALL - triple layer cellular membrane
3. Spherical or filamentous
4. Obligate pathogen - depends on host
5. Difficult to culture
6. Host specific

Question 2

Shape of mycoplasma?

Answer 2

Pleomorphic!

Spherical or filamentous

** helps to avoid IR by changing shape

Question 3

Example of a drug that would NOT work for mycoplasma and why?

Answer 3

Penicillin - targets cell wall

mycoplasma has no cell wall

Question 4

Mycoplasma inhabits/ has an affinity for?

Answer 4

Mucous membranes - affinity to ciliated epithelium

** except hemotropic mycoplasma has affinity to SURFACE of RBC

Question 5

How can you differentiate mycoplasma spp?

Answer 5

1. Fried egg colonies
2. Does not produce urease (ureaplasma spp. does)
3. Umbonate colonies
4. Turns blue on Diene stain

Question 6

Pathogenesis of mycoplasma?

Answer 6

1. Adheres to surface of RBC and produces H2O2 (toxic)
2. Evades immune system by changing shape and mimicking host Ag appearance
3. Induces inflammation by recruiting T and B cells

Question 7

Samples to collect when testing for mycoplasma bovis?

Answer 7

Mastitic milk and fluids from joints, also resp tract samples

Question 8

How is m. mycoides subsp. mycoides transmitted?

Answer 8

= Bovine Pleuropneumonia

AEROSOLS

Question 9

Which mycoplasma spp are reportable?

Answer 9

1. m. mycoides subsp. mycoides
2. m. gallisepticum
3. m. synoviae

Question 10

What mycoplasma spp causes bovine pleuropneumonia?

Answer 10

m. mycoides subsp. mycoides

Question 11

CS associated with bovine pleuropneumonia?

Answer 11

Coughing, fever, depression, drop in milk yield, FATAL rapid death

Question 12

Post mortem appearance associated with bovine pleuropneumonia?

Answer 12

Marbled lungs

Question 13

Who is most at risk for m. bovis?

Answer 13

Young calves - severe pneumonia

Question 14

Post mortem appearance associated with m. bovis?

Answer 14

Scattered rice lung

Question 15

CS associated with m. bovis?

Answer 15

Chronic resp dz, mastitis, arthritis

-purulent mastitic exudate w high WBC count

**young calves at risk

Question 16

mycoplasma spp in pigs?

Answer 16

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Question 17

How is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae transmitted?

Answer 17

Aerosols between pigs

due to overcrowding

Question 18

CS associated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?

Answer 18

Coughing, poor growth, resp distress

Question 19

Post mortem lesion associated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?

Answer 19

Pulmonary consolidation confined to cranial and middle lung lobes

Question 20

How can Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae be confirmed?

Answer 20

PCR

Question 21

How would you test a herd for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?

Answer 21

ELISA

Question 22

mycoplasma spp that infected chickens and turkeys?

Answer 22

1. mycoplasma gallisepticum
2. mycoplasma synoviae

**both reportable

Question 23

CS associated with mycoplasma gallisepticum?

Answer 23

Turkeys: infectious sinusitis

Chickens: chronic resp dz

coughing, nasal discharge, sinusitis, reduced egg production

Question 24

How is mycoplasma gallisepticum transmitted?

Answer 24

Infection of the embryo in the egg or by aerosols

Question 25

How is mycoplasma synoviae transmitted?

Answer 25

Aerosols

Question 26

CS associated with mycoplasma synoviae?

Answer 26

Respiratory signs, Arthritis, synovitis ** infects chickens and turkeys

Question 27

How can you diagnose mycoplasma spp in poultry?

Answer 27

PCR confirmatory test Agglutination test for herds

Question 28

Key facts about hemotropic mycoplasmas?

Answer 28

1. NO CELL WALL 2. Rod shaped 3. Gram neg but doesnt stain on gram 4. Attaches to surface of RBC (not inside RBC)

Question 29

Hemotropic mycoplasma spp that can infect cats?

Answer 29

1. m. haemofelis 2. Candidatus m. haemomunutum 3. Canididatus m. turicensis

Question 30

Hemotropic mycoplasma spp that can infect pigs?

Answer 30

m. suis

Question 31

Hemotropic mycoplasma spp that can infect llamas?

Answer 31

Candidatus m. haemolamae

Question 32

Transmission of hemotropic mycoplasmas?

Answer 32

Probably by aggressive interactions 1. Infected blood via blood transfusion

Question 33

What cats are more at risk for hemotropic mycoplasmas?

Answer 33

1. Cats w FIV/FeLV 2. Immunosuppressed cats 2. Outdoor cats 3. Male cats 4. Older cats

Question 34

What dogs are more at risk for hemotropic mycoplasmas?

Answer 34

1. Male dogs 2. Kennel dogs 3. Young dogs 4. Immunosuppressed 5. Stressed 6. *****Splenectomy dogs - no spleen, cant eliminate bacT from blood!

Question 35

_____________ causes hemolytic anemia in cats during acute inflammation

Answer 35

m. haemofelis

Question 36

Most pathogenic spp of hemotropic mycoplasma in cats?

Answer 36

m. haemofelis **alone can cause infection

Question 37

Which hemotropic mycoplasma has a long term carrier state in cats?

Answer 37

C.M. haemominutum ** no CS but still has bacT in chronic phase ** reactivated infection is immunosuppressed

Question 38

CS of acutely ill dogs and cats infected with hemotropic mycoplasma?

Answer 38

1. Pale/anemic 2. Splenomegaly 3. Jaundice if severe acute hemolysis occurs

Question 39

How is hemotropic mycoplasma diagnosed?

Answer 39

PCR !! - blood smear but low sensitivity *** does not grow at all on culture *** serology unavailable

Question 40

When giving a blood transfusion for hemotropic mycoplasma, what is important to know?

Answer 40

BacT infects surface of RBC so must test donors!

Question 41

How is m. suis transmitted?

Answer 41

Lice or instruments contaminated with infected blood

Question 42

How do outbreaks of m. suis occur?

Answer 42

Stress

Question 43

Who is most at risk for m. suis?

Answer 43

Young piglets can get acute hemolytic disease and die

Question 44

_________ is the most common hemoplasma infection of farm animals

Answer 44

m. suis

Question 45

CS associated with C.M. haemolamae?

Answer 45

Death in stressed, debilitated, and immunosuppressed llamas - acute infection in young ** chronically infected for life, hard to eliminate