Spirochetes - Muller

Question 1

Shape of spirochetes?

Answer 1

Spiral or helical

Question 2

How is borrelia spp transmitted?

Answer 2

Arthropod vectors

Question 3

What are the most common mammals involved in maintaining the lifecycle of Borrelia spp?

Answer 3

Deer and white footed mice

Question 4

_______ serve as a host for ticks breeding and allow for spacial distribution of ticks to spread Borrelia spp

Answer 4

Deer

Question 5

Spirochete spp with hooked ends?

Answer 5

Leptospira

Question 6

_______ spp of bacteria causes Lyme disease in North America

Answer 6

B. burgdorferi sensu stricto

Question 7

Lyme Borreliosis is reported in?

Answer 7

Humans, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep

Question 8

Vector involved in Lyme Borreliosis?

Answer 8

Ixodes ticks

Question 9

Pathogenesis of Lyme Borreliosis?

Answer 9

1. Spirochetes are in midgut of the tick prior to feeding
2. During feeding the bacT moves to the salivary glands of the tick
3. Spirochetes enter skin and multiply in skin of host
4. Causes a rash in humans
5. Moves from skin to blood
6. Moves to joints, brain, nerves, eyes, liver, kidney, heart

Question 10

How long must the tick attach to the host to transmit Lyme Borreliosis?

Answer 10

24-48 hours

Question 11

CS associated with lyme in dogs?

Answer 11

Arthritis, Arthralgia, lameness, fever, lethargy

Question 12

CS associated with lyme disease in humans?

Answer 12

Flu-like illness, skin rash

can invade the brain, nerves, heart, joints - permanent nerve damage and arthritis

Question 13

True or False: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is reportable and fatal

Answer 13

FALSE - it is reportable!! but not fatal

Question 14

What protein can be found in late stages of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto?

Answer 14

OspF

Question 15

Co infections with _______________ complicate diagnosis of Lyme disease in dogs and horses

Answer 15

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Question 16

CS associated with horses with lyme disease?

Answer 16

Fever, stiffness, Lameness in multiple limbs, muscle tenderness

Recurrent uveitis ***IMPT

Question 17

What bacteria cause recurrent uveitis in horses?

Answer 17

B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (Lyme disease)

AND Leptospirosis

Question 18

Why is PCR not useful for diagnosing Lyme disease?

Answer 18

Spirochetes present in low numbers in clinically affected animals (incidental host)

Can only use in early stages in humans

Question 19

What protein can be found in early infections of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto?

Answer 19

OspC

Question 20

What protein can be found in the intermediate stages of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto?

Answer 20

OspC and OspF

Question 21

What is the Lyme vaccine made of?

Answer 21

OspA protein

Norbivac vax has OspA and OspC

Question 22

Pathogenic Brachyspira species in pigs?

Answer 22

B. hyodysenteriae

Question 23

Brachyspira colonize in what part of the host?

Answer 23

Intestines

Question 24

How is Brachyspira transmitted in pigs?

Answer 24

Fecal oral, asymp carrier pigs

Rodents amplify disease

Can be transmitted by mechanical vectors (boots, vehicles, birds, etc)

Question 25

CS associated with B. hyodysenteriae?

Answer 25

Bloody mucus diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, emaciation in pigs

Question 26

How to diagnose B. hyodysenteriae?

Answer 26

1. Fecal sample or tissues stained with Giemsa or silver stain 2. Anaerobic culture 3. PCR

Question 27

Swine dysentery is caused by what bacteria?

Answer 27

B. hyodysenteriae

Question 28

What leptospira serovar has a dog as the maintenance host?

Answer 28

Canicola

Question 29

What leptospira serovar has a horse as the maintenance host?

Answer 29

Bratislava

Question 30

What leptospira serovar has a cow as the maintenance host?

Answer 30

Hardjo

Question 31

What leptospira serovar has rats as the maintenance host?

Answer 31

Icterohaemorrhagiae - main one

Question 32

What leptospira serovar has a pig as the maintenance host?

Answer 32

Pomona

Question 33

How does leptospira infect the host?

Answer 33

Penetrates soft skin or through intact mucous membranes

Question 34

When do Ab appear in a lepto infection?

Answer 34

After 10 days of infection

Question 35

Where does lepto cause acute and chronic inflammation?

Answer 35

Liver and kidneys

Question 36

CS associated with lepto in humans?

Answer 36

Flu, renal, pulmonary, hepatic, and CNS disease

Question 37

Cattle are incidental hosts for what serovars of lepto?

Answer 37

1. Pomona 2. Grippotyphosa 3. Icterohaemorrhagiae

Question 38

What incidental infection of lepto can result in bovine and mare abortions?

Answer 38

Pomona

Question 39

CS associated with a horse infected with Pomona serovar?

Answer 39

1. Abortion 2. Renal disease in young horses 3. Equine recurrent uveitis (Moon blindness)

Question 40

Pigs are incidental hosts of what lepto serovars?

Answer 40

1. Icterohaemorrhagiae 2. Copenhageni **rat adapted serovars ** FATAL in young pigs

Question 41

CS associated with Pomona in pigs?

Answer 41

1. Repro failure, abortions and still birth

Question 42

Pomona serovar is endemic in California __________

Answer 42

Sea lions

Question 43

Who is most at risk for Canicola?

Answer 43

1. Older male dogs 4-7 yrs old 2. Hunting dogs 3. Young pups get severe renal disease

Question 44

Biggest spirochete spp?

Answer 44

Borrelia

Question 45

What protein is over expressed when B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is in the midgut of the tick?

Answer 45

Osp A

Question 46

What protein is over expressed when B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is in the salivary glands of the tick?

Answer 46

OspC ** during feeding, protects borrelia in tick saliva and in early stages of dz

Question 47

When would PCR be used to diagnose Lyme disease?

Answer 47

In rats or the tick only - high bacteremia

Question 48

Ideal way to diagnose Lyme disease in dogs and horses?

Answer 48

Multiplex ELISA - tests OspA, OspC, OspF

Question 49

Which ELISA is used for lepto?

Answer 49

MAT

Question 50

Which ELISA test is used for Borrelia?

Answer 50

Multiplex ELISA