MYCOTIC INFECTIONS ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION: (4) & Other Opportunistic Mycoses Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
Affects the outermost layer of the skin, hand, feet and hair
A
Superficial Mycoses
2
Q
- chronic superficial fungal infection which leads to hypopigmented or hyperpigmented patches on skin
- With sunlight exposure the skin around the patches will tan but patches will remain white
A
Tinea versicolor (an-an) / Pityriasis versicolor
3
Q
causes tinea or pityriasis versicolor – superficial mycoses; lipophilic yeast; spaghetti with meatball appearance
A
M. furfur
4
Q
Mode of transmission of Tinea versicolor (an-an) / Pityriasis versicolor
A
direct contact
5
Q
a superficial fungal infection that causes dark brown to black painless patches on the soles of the hands and feet
A
Tinea nigra
6
Q
formely called C. werneckii
A
Exophilia werneckii
7
Q
- Nodular infection of the hair shaft
- Axillary, pubic, beard, scalp hair maybe infected
A
Piedra (white and black)
8
Q
caused by Piedraia hortai
A
Black Piedra
9
Q
caused by Trichosporon beigelii/cutaneum
A
White Piedra
10
Q
Affects keratinized tissues, skin, hair and nails
A
Cutaneous Mycoses
11
Q
Also known as dermatophytosis/dermatomycoses
A
Cutaneous Mycoses
12
Q
Also known as Ring worm infection
A
Cutaneous Mycoses
13
Q
skin, hair, rarely nails
A
Microsporum
14
Q
skin, nails, rarely hair
A
Trichophyton
15
Q
skin, hair and nails
A
Epidermophyton
16
Q
May be diagnostic of Chromoblastomycosis/Chromomycosis or MOSSY FOOT DISEASE/HEMATOMYCOSIS
A
Sclerotic bodies / muriform cells
17
Q
Copper colored fungal cells
A
Sclerotic bodies / muriform cells
18
Q
- Unable to produce microconidia
- Macroconidia smooth walled (2-4),
appearing like ____ ___ - Produces ____colored colonies
A
Epidermorphyton floccosum Eg. Tinea cruris (hadhad)
Khaki; beaver’s tail
19
Q
Microconidia are globose and arranged in
Grape like clusters
A
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
20
Q
- ______ shaped microconidia laterally on
hyphae - May give the so-called “____ __ _ _____”
appearance
A
Trichophyton rubrum Eg. Tinea corporis
(buni)
Teardrop; Birds on a fence
21
Q
Produces rat tail or string bean appearing
macroconidia
A
Trichophyton verrucosum
22
Q
- Large spindle shaped macroconidia
- Thick-walled spindle shaped large
multiseptate with knobby projections - Rice medium (+) *used to differentiate with
M. audouinii
A
Microsporum canis Eg. Tinea capitis
23
Q
- Bizarre shaped macroconidia
- Rice medium (-)
A
Microsporum audouinii
24
Q
Type affecting deepest layer of the skin (ie. Muscles)
A
Subcutaneous Mycoses
25
* Agents are usually found on soil, so feet is always affected
* Acquired thru trauma
Subcutaneous Mycoses
26
Sporothrichosis
S. schenckii
27
usually caused by the following:
Phialophora verrucosa, Cladosporium carrionii; Fonsecaea predosoi
Chromoblastomycosis
28
caused by the ff: Alternaria, Bipolaris,
Curvularia and Dreschella, Exophialia
Phaeophypomycosis
29
caused by Pseudoallescheria boydii, Exophiala jeanselmi
Mycetoma
30
* Causes Rose Gardener’s disease
* Dimorphic fungi
Sporothrix schenckii
31
* _____ shaped yeast with single or multiple buds
* Conidia in ___________ arrangement
Sporothrix schenckii
Cigar; flowerette
32
May affect organs such as lungs
Systemic Mycoses
33
* Caused by dimorphic fungi
* Acquired thru inhalation, so ___ is usually affected
Systemic Mycoses
lungs
34
Infectious form is ___ (mycelial) form, while diagnostic form is ____
MOLD; YEAST
35
Produces yeast with single bud on a broad base
Blastomyces dermatitidis
36
With round or pyriform conidia appearing like lollipops
Blastomyces dermatitidis
37
Chicago disease
Blastomyces dermatitidis
38
Gilchrist disease
Blastomyces dermatitidis
39
Missouri River valley
Blastomyces dermatitidis
40
- Causes San Joaquin valley fever
- Found in soil of many arid or desert region of US
Coccidioides immitis
41
Produces a yeast appearing line thick-walled spherule with many endospores
Coccidioides immitis
42
Barrel shaped arthroconidia alternating with empty dysjuncter cells
Coccidioides immitis
43
Major biohazard in the lab and most virulent of all the mycotic agents
Coccidioides immitis
44
On media produces COBWEB appearing colonies
Coccidioides immitis
45
Virulence factor includes extracellular proteinases
Coccidioides immitis
46
* Microscopic appearance: Coarse, septate branched hyphae that produce thick
walled barrel shaped rectangular arthroconidia that alternate with dysjuncter cell
* 37degC – thick walled spherules filled with endospore with double refractive cell wall
Coccidioides immitis
47
Microscopic appearance: Mycelia phase – septate hyphae with round or pyriform conidia borne singly in conidiophores or directly on hyphae
Blastomyces dermatitidis
48
* Produces a yeast within mononuclear cells
* 37degC – small budding yeast within mononuclear cell
* RT – knobby tuberculate will form
Histoplasma capsulatum
49
To demonstrate yeast, Giemsa or Wright’s may be used
Histoplasma capsulatum
50
Darling’s disease
Histoplasma capsulatum
51
Cave disease
Histoplasma capsulatum
52
Spelunker disease
Histoplasma capsulatum
53
Reticuloendothelial cytomycosis
Histoplasma capsulatum
54
Ohio valley fever
Histoplasma capsulatum
55
Found on bat and bird feces
Histoplasma capsulatum
56
South American Blastomycosis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
57
Luts Splentdore Almeide disease
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
58
37degC - Produces a yeast with multiple buds giving it a Ship’s wheel or mariner’s wheel or Pilot’s wheel appearance. Yeast may resemble a mickey mouse cap
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
59
Found in soil and plant; virulent factor include estrogen binding protein
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
60
RT: Produces terminally locate chlamydoconidia
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
61
Microscopic appearance: Presence of terminal chlamydoconidia mistaken as B. dermatitidis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
62
Major cause of opportunistic infection in those with AIDS
Cryptococcus neoformans
63
Causes European blastomycosis, Torulosis, Cryptococcosis, Torula Meningitis, Bussebuschke disease
Cryptococcus neoformans
64
Produces an encapsulated yeast that can be demonstrated using India ink
Cryptococcus neoformans
65
Phenol oxidase and urease test (+) ; nitrate (-)
Cryptococcus neoformans
66
* Most common cause of yeast infection
* (+) growth at 42degC
Candida albicans
67
A normal flora but can be opportunistic
Candida albicans
68
Causes vulvovaginitis, oral thrush
Candida albicans
69
Forms Germ tubes, blastoconidia and chlamydospores
Candida albicans
70
* Causes pulmonary disease, otomycosis
* Acquired thru inhalation
Aspergillus spp
71
Agent of Fungus ball, Aspergilloma, Farmer’s lung disease
Aspergillus spp.
72
black pepper effect on culture media, fungus ball in lungs
Aspergillus niger
73
___most common cause of pulmonary
aspergillosis often found in compost piles and soil of potted plants. ____ color on culture media
Aspergillus fumigatus; Green
74
(previous called Penicillium marnefei)
Talaramyces marneffei
75
* Causes Talaromycosis
* Dimorphic fungi
Talaramyces marneffei
76
Yeast = ____ shaped while mold with ____ shaped phialides, paint brush like TB Symptoms in HIV px in SEA
sausage; flask
77
* Includes the ff: Genera
o Rhizopus
o Absidia
o Mucos
* Causes: Rhinosinus, sinus orbital or craniofacial zygomycosis
Zygomycota (Zygomycetes)
78
(+) growth on SDA without cycloheximide
Zygomycota (Zygomycetes)
79
Rapid growers; “___” with ASEPTATE hyphae
Lid lifters
80
classified as fungi imperfecti, normal mycoflora of commodities (rice)
Fusarium species (a hyaline mold)
81
wound infection and oral thrush – forms Hockey stick shaped arthroconidia on corn meal agar
Geotrichum
82
can cause keratitis, external ear infection
Penicillium (hyaline mold)
83
can cause mycetoma, corneal and nail infections
Acremonium
84
Previously a protozoa but now an atypical fungi
Pneumocystis jirovecii or carinii
85
Formerly: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
Pneumocystis jirovecii or carinii
86
Pneumonia in AIDS individual acquired from immunocompetent mammals
Pneumocystis jirovecii or carinii
87
Preferred sample in detecting Pneumocystis jirovecii or carinii
BAL (broncho alveolar lavage)
88
stain of choice for cysts but not trophozoite
Gomori methenamine silver
