N368 Final Drugs Mechanisms

Question 1

Lorazepam (Ativan), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 1

Bind GABA channel, hence GABA Agonist (i.e. mimics GABA’s inhibitory effect)

Question 2

Naloxone (Narcan), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 2

antagonizes opioid effect

Question 3

Epinephrine, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 3

stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

Question 4

Flumazenil (Romazicon), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 4

competitively inhibits benzo receptor site

Question 5

Atropine, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 5

antagonist of muscarinic Ach receptors

Question 6

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) - Phenothiazines, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 6

Blocking D2-Dopamine receptor

Question 7

Lipitor, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 7

Interfere with HMG-CoA reductase, the critical enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol

Question 8

Furosemide (Lasix), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 8

Act on ascending limb of the loop of Henle to block the reabsorption of sodium and water.

Question 9

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 9

Antihypertensive; act on the early distal tubule to block the reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water; Excretion of potassium is increased.

Question 10

Atenolol (Tenormin), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 10

blocks beta adrenergic receptors

Question 11

Nifedipine (Procardia), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 11

block calcium ion channels in arterial smooth muscles, causing vasodilation and decrease heart contractility

Question 12

Doxazosin (Cardura), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 12

inhibit sympathetic activation of arterioles thereby causing vasodilation

Question 13

Amlodipine (Norvasc), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 13

block calcium ion channels in arterial smooth muscles, causing vasodilation and decrease heart contractility

Question 14

Metoprolol (Toprol- XL), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 14

decrease cardiac workload by slowing HR

Question 15

Captopril (Capoten), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 15

Antihypertensive; block formation of angiotensin II, causing vasodilation, and block aldosterone secretion, decreasing fluid volume

Question 16

Hydralazine (Apresoline), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 16

decrease the cardiac afterload by dilating vessels and reducing preload

Question 17

Carvedilol (Coreg), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 17

Used to improve cardiac function; decrease cardiac workload by slowing the HR (beta-1 effect )and decreasing blood pressure (alph1-effect: carvedilol)

Question 18

Digoxin (Lanoxin), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 18

Inotropics;
Increase cardiac output by increasing the force of myocardial contraction

Question 19

Acetazolamide (Diamox), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 19

inhibit carbonic anhydrase from making carbonic acid from CO2 and water, hence more water & CO2 ouput; decrease volume

Question 20

Mannitol (Osmitrol), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 20

increase osmotic pressure of glomerular filtrate thereby inhibit reabsorption of water

Question 21

Bumetanide (Bumex), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 21

Act on ascending limb of the loop of Henle to block the reabsorption of sodium and water.

Question 22

Amphotericin B, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 22

changes permeability in membrane leading to cell death

Question 23

Gentamycin _ Aminoglycoside, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 23

inhibit bacteria protein synthesis

Question 24

Kayexalate - aminoglycoside, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 24

inhibit bacteria protein synthesis

Question 25

Tetracycline, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 25

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, slow
superinfections, nausea
tetracycline HCL (Achromycin, others)
__

Question 26

Fluoroquinolone (Cipro), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 26

to inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase ,Affects bacterial replication and DNA repair,
Effective against G(+); G(-) organism

Question 27

Flagyl, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 27

mechanism action N/A

Question 28

Amoxacillin, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 28

kill bacteria by disrupting their cell walls and allowing water to enter

Question 29

Augumentin (amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 29

clavulanate inhibits betalactamase destruction by bacteria allowing amoxicillin to work by disrupting cell wall

Question 30

Zithromycin (aka azithromycin), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 30

inhibit protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosome

Question 31

Vancomycin, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 31

inhibits cells wall biosynth. Increase permeability of cell membrane

Question 32

Doxycycline, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 32

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, slow
superinfections, nausea
tetracycline HCL (Achromycin, others)

Question 33

Oxymetazoline (Afrin), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 33

alpha 1 agonist

Question 34

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 34

vasconstricts vessels in nasal tissues

Question 35

Albuterol, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 35

binds to beta 2 receptors causing bronchodilation

Question 36

Salmeterol (Serevent), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 36

binds to beta 2 receptors causing bronchodilation

Question 37

Ipratropium (Atrovent), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 37

blocks PNS (rest and digest), thereby blocking bronchoconstriction and resulting in bronchodilation

Question 38

Theophylline, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 38

inhibition of isozymes

Question 39

Sandimmune, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 39

Immunosuppressant; Bind to calcineurin, an intracellular messenger, and disrupt T cells

Question 40

Metformin (Glucophage), name the drug mechanism?

Answer 40

decreases hepatic production of glucose

Question 41

Glyburide, Glipizid, Glimepride , name the drug mechanism?

Answer 41

increase insulin secretion from pancreas; increase

Question 42

Actos, Avandia, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 42

decr insulin resistance;

Question 43

Aldactone, name the drug mechanism?

Answer 43

acts on late distal tubule blocking sodium, but retain potassium