N4 Unit 1 Part A

Question 1

Which part of the cell controls cell division?

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Why is cell division important to animals?

Answer 2

For growth and repair

Question 3

What are chromosomes?

Answer 3

X shaped structures found in the nucleus

Question 4

What effect does cell division have on the number of chromosomes in a cell?

Answer 4

It stays the same

Question 5

What name is given to the middle area of the cell?

Answer 5

Equator

Question 6

What name is given to either end of the cell?

Answer 6

Poles

Question 7

Name the structures which pull chromatids apart.

Answer 7

Spindle fibres

Question 8

What structure holds the chromatids together in a chromosome?

Answer 8

Centromere

Question 9

What disease is caused by uncontrolled cell division?

Answer 9

Cancer

Question 10

If cancer cells grow together they may form a mass, what is this mass of cells known as?

Answer 10

Tumour

Question 11

Where is DNA found within the cell?

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

Name the two parts of a DNA molecule.

Answer 12

Backbone and bases

Question 13

Which part of the DNA molecule contains the genetic information?

Answer 13

Bases

Question 14

What is a gene?

Answer 14

Instructions to make a protein.

Question 15

How does DNA fit into the nucleus of a cell?

Answer 15

It is tightly coiled into chromosomes.

Question 16

What are the four base letters of DNA?

Answer 16

A, T, G and C

Question 17

Where do we inherit our DNA from?

Answer 17

From our parents.

Question 18

If a gene is faulty what effect does this have on the protein it produces?

Answer 18

A faulty protein would be produced.

Question 19

What causes genetic diseases?

Answer 19

A faulty gene.

Question 20

Give one example of a genetic disease.

Answer 20

Cystic fibrosis.

Question 21

What are stem cells?

Answer 21

Cells which cab turn into any type of body cell.

Question 22

What two processes within the body require stem cells?

Answer 22

Growth and repair

Question 23

What is meant by the term “therapeutic uses of stem cells”?

Answer 23

Using stem cells in medicine to treat diseases.

Question 24

Name and describe one current use of stem cells in medicine.

Answer 24

Bone marrow transplant to treat leukaemia.

Question 25

What is a plasmid?

Answer 25

A small ring of DNA

Question 26

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 26

The transfer of genetic information from one cell to another.

Question 27

Name one substance which can be made by genetic engineering.

Answer 27

Insulin

Question 28

What term describes an organism which has had its genetics artificially altered?

Answer 28

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

Question 28

Which stage of genetic engineering occurs after the gene has been extracted and a plasmid cut open?

Answer 28

The gene is inserted into the plasmid.

Question 28

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 28

They speed up chemical reactions and are unchanged in the process.

Question 29

What is the active site?

Answer 29

The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds.

Question 30

What is a substrate?

Answer 30

The substance an enzyme acts upon.

Question 31

What does specific mean in relation to enzymes?

Answer 31

It means each enzyme will only catalyse one chemical reaction

Question 32

Which enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?

Answer 32

Amylase

Question 33

What is a synthesis reaction?

Answer 33

A build up reaction

Question 34

What is a degradation reaction?

Answer 34

A break down reaction

Question 35

Name an enzyme which carried out a synthesis reaction.

Answer 35

Phosphorylase

Question 36

Name an enzyme which carried out a degradation reaction.

Answer 36

Catalase

Question 37

What is an enzymes optimum temperature?

Answer 37

The temperature where the enzyme is most active.

Question 38

What happens to the shape of an when it becomes denatured?

Answer 38

The shape of the active site changes so the substrate no longer fits with the enzyme.

Question 39

What happens to an enzyme when it is pushed far above its optimum temperature?

Answer 39

It becomes denatured

Question 40

Name a product made using enzymes and the name of the enzyme used.

Answer 40

Cheese is made using rennet