N4 Unit 3 Part B

Question 1

Why do plants need nitrogen?

Answer 1

To make protein

Question 2

How do plants obtain nitrogen?

Answer 2

By absorbing nitrates from the soil

Question 3

How do animals obtain nitrogen?

Answer 3

From protein found in their food

Question 4

What happens to the nitrogen in the waste produced by organisms and their bodies when they die?

Answer 4

It is converted into ammonium compounds

Question 5

What is a decomposer?

Answer 5

An organism which break down organic material

Question 6

Give two examples of decomposers.

Answer 6

Bacteria and fungi

Question 7

Describe the process of nitrification.

Answer 7

The conversion of ammonium to nitrites then nitrates

Question 8

What type of organism carries out nitrification?

Answer 8

Bacteria

Question 9

What happens to the nitrates produced by nitrification?

Answer 9

They can be absorbed by plants and used to make protein.

Question 10

Which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to nitrates in the soil?

Answer 10

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Question 11

Which bacteria convert proteins from dead bodies and wastes into ammonium?

Answer 11

Decomposers

Question 12

Which bacteria convert ammonium to nitrites and nitrites to nitrates?

Answer 12

Nitrifying bacteria

Question 13

Which bacteria convert nitrates back to nitrogen gas?

Answer 13

Denitrifying bacteria

Question 14

What are fertilisers?

Answer 14

Substances which contain nutrients which are important for plants to grow properly

Question 15

Which nutrient promotes leaf growth?

Answer 15

Nitrogen

Question 16

Which nutrient promotes root growth?

Answer 16

Phosphorous

Question 17

Which nutrient promotes the growth of flowers and fruit?

Answer 17

Potassium

Question 18

Name two alternatives to artificial fertilisers.

Answer 18

Manure and clover

Question 19

What name is given to an overgrowth of algae

Answer 19

Algal bloom

Question 20

What effect does an algal bloom have on plants beneath the surface?

Answer 20

It blocks light so they cannot photosynthesise and they die

Question 21

What happens to fish in a water ecosystem if there is an overgrowth of bacteria?

Answer 21

Bacteria use up all the oxygen, leaving none for the fish so they die

Question 22

What is an adaptation?

Answer 22

Any feature that makes an individual well suited to their environment

Question 23

What is a structural adaptation?

Answer 23

Involves some part of an organisms body.

Question 24

What is a physiological adaptation?

Answer 24

Internal and/or cellular features of an organism that enable them to survive in their environment

Question 25

What is behavioural adaptation?

Answer 25

Actions of an organism that enable them to survive in their environment.

Question 26

Give an example of a structural adaptation.

Answer 26

Shark's sharp teeth

Question 27

Give an example of a physiological adaptation.

Answer 27

Snake's venom

Question 28

Give an example of a behavioural adaptation.

Answer 28

Geese migrating in winter

Question 29

Which type of behaviours are instinctive and inherited?

Answer 29

Innate

Question 30

What is a stimulus?

Answer 30

A change in conditions

Question 31

What is imprinting?

Answer 31

A behaviour where young birds will follow the first moving object they see

Question 32

Why is imprinting beneficial for the young ducklings?

Answer 32

The young birds follow their mother who protects them and helps them find food.

Question 33

Give an example of an innate behaviour shown by bees.

Answer 33

Bees perform a waggle dance to communicate to other bees where to find food.

Question 34

What is a learned behaviour?

Answer 34

A behaviour which is observed in other members of the same species and copied

Question 35

How is learned behaviour different from innate behaviour?

Answer 35

Learned behaviour is not instinctive

Question 36

What is the advantage of learned behaviour being adaptable?

Answer 36

It can be adapted to changing environmental conditions.

Question 37

How can learned behaviours be refined or improved?

Answer 37

By practise.

Question 38

What is habituation?

Answer 38

When an animal learns to stop responding to a repeated harmless stimulus.

Question 39

What is hibernation?

Answer 39

When animals fall into a very deep sleep in Winter

Question 40

Name two environmental cues which trigger hibernation.

Answer 40

Shortening days and falling temperatures.

Question 41

Describe the effect of hibernation on the body temperature, heart rate and breathing rate of the animal.

Answer 41

Body temperature drops and their heart and breathing rates slow down.

Question 42

What is migration?

Answer 42

When a group of animals leave one habitat to go to another place for a certain period of time.

Question 43

Describe three environmental cues which trigger migration.

Answer 43

Local climate, local availability of food or for mating reasons

Question 44

How do animals often prepare for long migratory journeys?

Answer 44

By feeding intensively prior to departing to boost their fuel stores.