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Anatomy > Nasal cavity > Flashcards

Nasal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Why can you not use adrenaline-containing local anaesthetics near the nasal cartilages?

A
  • Cartilage doesn’t have direct blood supply
  • It relies on diffusion from surrounding arteries
  • It can constrict these arteries to the point where cartilage can die
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2
Q

What are the 7 bones of the nasal cavity?

A
  • frontal
  • nasal
  • ethmoid
  • inferior nasal concha
  • maxilla
  • perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
  • the vomer
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3
Q

What bone is the roof of the ethmoid bone?

A

cribriform plate and crista galli

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4
Q

what is the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

superior and middle conchae

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5
Q

what is the septum of the ethmoid bone?

A

perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer

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6
Q

What is the le fort fracture I?

A

separation of alveolar bone from the rest of the maxilla

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7
Q

what is the le fort fracture II?

A

majority of viscerocranium is separated away

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8
Q

what is the le fort fracture III?

A

separation of viscerocranium from neurocranium

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9
Q

What level fractures can disrupt the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A

2 and 3

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10
Q

What is the danger of disrupting the ethmoid bone?

A

danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa

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11
Q

What bones make up the medial wall of right nasal cavity?

A
  • septal cartilage
  • the vomer
  • perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
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12
Q

what bones make up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A
  • frontal bone
  • nasal bone
  • maxilla
  • palatine bone
  • inferior, middle, and superior concha
  • pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone
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13
Q

what are the 3 types of mucosa of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
  2. respiratory epithelium
  3. olfactory mucosa
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14
Q

What is cranial nerve 1?

A

olfactory

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15
Q

what type of nerve is the olfactory nerve?

A

special sensory

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16
Q

what is the pathway of olfactory nerves receptor cells?

A

from olfactory mucosa, through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, 1st neurones in chain

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17
Q

where is the olfactory nerve ganglion?

A

olfactory bulb

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18
Q

what cell bodies are in the olfactory bulb?

A

cell bodies of 2nd neurones

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19
Q

where does the olfactory tract end?

A

temporal lobe

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20
Q

where do receptor cells synapse?

A

olfactory bulb

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21
Q

where are the olfactory receptor cells found?

A

olfactory mucosa on lateral wall and septum

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22
Q

what provides the somatic sensory nerve supply to the lateral wall and septum of the nasal cavity?

A

trigeminal nerve

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23
Q

where does the blood supply to the nasal cavity originate?

A

from both external and internal carotid arteries

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24
Q

what does the external carotid artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?

A

facial
maxillary

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25
Q

what does the internal carotid artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?

A

ophthalmic

26
Q

what does the ophthalmic artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

27
Q

what does the maxillary artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?

A

sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries

28
Q

what does the facial artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?

A

lateral nasal branch of facial or septal branch of superior labial artery

29
Q

what is kiesselbach’s area?

A

an arterial anastomosis on the nasal spetum

30
Q

what is the name of the arterial anastomosis of the nasal septum?

A

kiesselbachs area

31
Q

what is epistaxis?

A

nosebleed

32
Q

what is the anatomical term for a nosebleed?

A

epistaxis

33
Q

what are the 3 nasal conchae?

A

inferior middle and superior

34
Q

what are the spaced under each concha?

A

meatuses

35
Q

what are the 3 meatuses?

A

inferior middle and superior

36
Q

what is the recess in the nasal cavity?

A

sphenoethmoidal

37
Q

what lies above the superior concha?

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

38
Q

what is the name for air filled spaces within bones?

A

paranasal sinuses

39
Q

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A

frontal
maxillary
ethmoidal air cells
sphenoid

40
Q

what are the frontal sinuses separated by?

A

bony septum

41
Q

what are paranasal sinuses lined by?

A

mucous-secreting respiratory mucosa

42
Q

how does mucous drain into nasal cavities?

A

ostia in the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

43
Q

where does the frontal sinus drain in to?

A

middle meatus

44
Q

where do the ethmoidal cells drain in to?

A

superior and middle meatuses

45
Q

where does the sphenoidal sinus drain in to?

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

46
Q

where does the maxillary sinus drain in to?

A

middle meatus

47
Q

what gland produces tears?

A

lacrimal gland

48
Q

where do tears drain to?

A

lacrimal sac to the nasolacrimal duct then the inferior meatus of nasal cavity

49
Q

what is inflammation of the mucosa of paranasal sinuses?

A

sinusitis

50
Q

what is sinusitis?

A

inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses

51
Q

what are the 3 causes of sinusitis?

A

infection
allergy
autoimmune issues

52
Q

what nerves create the pain sensation in sinusitis?

A

CN V1 and V2

53
Q

What are the right and left nasal cavities separated by?

A

nasal septum

54
Q

what is the nasal septum formed from?

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer and septal cartilages

55
Q

what is the roof of the nasal cavity formed by?

A

nasal bones and the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

56
Q

what is the floor of the nasal cavity formed by?

A

right and left maxillae and palatine bones

57
Q

what arteries form the anastomosis in the nasal cavity?

A

ophthalmic, maxillary and facial

58
Q

what are the nasal cavities mainly lined by?

A

respiratory epithelium - pseudostratified columnar with cilia and goblet cells

59
Q

what are ostia?

A

“holes” in the recesses and meatuses of the lateral walls

60
Q

what is the role of ostia’s?

A

allow drainage of mucous from the paranasal sinuses

Anatomy (7 decks)

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