Nasal cavity

Question 1

Why can you not use adrenaline-containing local anaesthetics near the nasal cartilages?

Answer 1

• Cartilage doesn’t have direct blood supply
• It relies on diffusion from surrounding arteries
• It can constrict these arteries to the point where cartilage can die

Question 2

What are the 7 bones of the nasal cavity?

Answer 2

• frontal
• nasal
• ethmoid
• inferior nasal concha
• maxilla
• perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
• the vomer

Question 3

What bone is the roof of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 3

cribriform plate and crista galli

Question 4

what is the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

superior and middle conchae

Question 5

what is the septum of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 5

perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer

Question 6

What is the le fort fracture I?

Answer 6

separation of alveolar bone from the rest of the maxilla

Question 7

what is the le fort fracture II?

Answer 7

majority of viscerocranium is separated away

Question 8

what is the le fort fracture III?

Answer 8

separation of viscerocranium from neurocranium

Question 9

What level fractures can disrupt the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 9

2 and 3

Question 10

What is the danger of disrupting the ethmoid bone?

Answer 10

danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa

Question 11

What bones make up the medial wall of right nasal cavity?

Answer 11

• septal cartilage
• the vomer
• perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 12

what bones make up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 12

• frontal bone
• nasal bone
• maxilla
• palatine bone
• inferior, middle, and superior concha
• pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone

Question 13

what are the 3 types of mucosa of the nasal cavity?

Answer 13

1. keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
2. respiratory epithelium
3. olfactory mucosa

Question 14

What is cranial nerve 1?

Answer 14

olfactory

Question 15

what type of nerve is the olfactory nerve?

Answer 15

special sensory

Question 16

what is the pathway of olfactory nerves receptor cells?

Answer 16

from olfactory mucosa, through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, 1st neurones in chain

Question 17

where is the olfactory nerve ganglion?

Answer 17

olfactory bulb

Question 18

what cell bodies are in the olfactory bulb?

Answer 18

cell bodies of 2nd neurones

Question 19

where does the olfactory tract end?

Answer 19

temporal lobe

Question 20

where do receptor cells synapse?

Answer 20

olfactory bulb

Question 21

where are the olfactory receptor cells found?

Answer 21

olfactory mucosa on lateral wall and septum

Question 22

what provides the somatic sensory nerve supply to the lateral wall and septum of the nasal cavity?

Answer 22

trigeminal nerve

Question 23

where does the blood supply to the nasal cavity originate?

Answer 23

from both external and internal carotid arteries

Question 24

what does the external carotid artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 24

facial
maxillary

Question 25

what does the internal carotid artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 25

ophthalmic

Question 26

what does the ophthalmic artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 26

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

Question 27

what does the maxillary artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 27

sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries

Question 28

what does the facial artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 28

lateral nasal branch of facial or septal branch of superior labial artery

Question 29

what is kiesselbach's area?

Answer 29

an arterial anastomosis on the nasal spetum

Question 30

what is the name of the arterial anastomosis of the nasal septum?

Answer 30

kiesselbachs area

Question 31

what is epistaxis?

Answer 31

nosebleed

Question 32

what is the anatomical term for a nosebleed?

Answer 32

epistaxis

Question 33

what are the 3 nasal conchae?

Answer 33

inferior middle and superior

Question 34

what are the spaced under each concha?

Answer 34

meatuses

Question 35

what are the 3 meatuses?

Answer 35

inferior middle and superior

Question 36

what is the recess in the nasal cavity?

Answer 36

sphenoethmoidal

Question 37

what lies above the superior concha?

Answer 37

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 38

what is the name for air filled spaces within bones?

Answer 38

paranasal sinuses

Question 39

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

Answer 39

frontal maxillary ethmoidal air cells sphenoid

Question 40

what are the frontal sinuses separated by?

Answer 40

bony septum

Question 41

what are paranasal sinuses lined by?

Answer 41

mucous-secreting respiratory mucosa

Question 42

how does mucous drain into nasal cavities?

Answer 42

ostia in the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Question 43

where does the frontal sinus drain in to?

Answer 43

middle meatus

Question 44

where do the ethmoidal cells drain in to?

Answer 44

superior and middle meatuses

Question 45

where does the sphenoidal sinus drain in to?

Answer 45

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 46

where does the maxillary sinus drain in to?

Answer 46

middle meatus

Question 47

what gland produces tears?

Answer 47

lacrimal gland

Question 48

where do tears drain to?

Answer 48

lacrimal sac to the nasolacrimal duct then the inferior meatus of nasal cavity

Question 49

what is inflammation of the mucosa of paranasal sinuses?

Answer 49

sinusitis

Question 50

what is sinusitis?

Answer 50

inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses

Question 51

what are the 3 causes of sinusitis?

Answer 51

infection allergy autoimmune issues

Question 52

what nerves create the pain sensation in sinusitis?

Answer 52

CN V1 and V2

Question 53

What are the right and left nasal cavities separated by?

Answer 53

nasal septum

Question 54

what is the nasal septum formed from?

Answer 54

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer and septal cartilages

Question 55

what is the roof of the nasal cavity formed by?

Answer 55

nasal bones and the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 56

what is the floor of the nasal cavity formed by?

Answer 56

right and left maxillae and palatine bones

Question 57

what arteries form the anastomosis in the nasal cavity?

Answer 57

ophthalmic, maxillary and facial

Question 58

what are the nasal cavities mainly lined by?

Answer 58

respiratory epithelium - pseudostratified columnar with cilia and goblet cells

Question 59

what are ostia?

Answer 59

"holes" in the recesses and meatuses of the lateral walls

Question 60

what is the role of ostia's?

Answer 60

allow drainage of mucous from the paranasal sinuses