Nasal Cavity Flashcards
(64 cards)
1
Q
Fxn of nose
A
- Respiration
- Filtration
- Olfaction
- Warms & humidifies
- Reception & elimination of secretions
2
Q
Bones of external nose
A
- Frontal
- Nasal
- Maxillae
- Septum
3
Q
Cartilages of nose
A
- Lateral
- Alar
- Septal
4
Q
Piriform aperture
A
Anterior opening of nasal cavity
- Nasal bones
- Maxillae
5
Q
Roof
A
- Nasal bones
- Frontal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
6
Q
Floor
A
- Maxillae
- Palatine
7
Q
Lateral wall
A
- Maxilla
- Lacrimal
- Ethmoid (superior/inferior conchae)
- Palatine
8
Q
Medial wall/ nasal septum
A
- Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
- Vomer
- Palatine
- Maxillae
9
Q
Choanae
A
Posterior opening of nasal cavity, opens into nasopharynx
- Vomer
- Palatine
- Sphenoid
10
Q
Spaces formed by nasal conchae
A
- Sphenoethmoidal recess (btwn root of nasal cavity & superior conchae)
- Superior meatus (btwn superior & middle conchae)
- Middle meatus (btwn middle & inferior conchae)
- Inferior meatus (btwn inferior conchae & nasal floor)
11
Q
Paranasal sinuses
A
- Air filled spaces lined w/ mucous membrane
- Continuous w/ & drain into nasal cavity
12
Q
Where do frontal sinuses drain?
A
Into semilunar hiatus of the middle meatus via frontonasal duct
13
Q
Where do ethmoidal sinuses drain?
A
Into middle & superior meatus
14
Q
Where do sphenoid sinuses drain?
A
Into sphenoethmoidal recess
15
Q
Where do maxillary sinuses drain?
A
Into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
16
Q
What is the most common infected paranasal sinus?
A
Maxillary
- Due to superior position opening into nasal cavity
- Can only drain when head is tilted to 1 side
17
Q
What provides somatic sensory to anterior septum & lateral wall?
A
Branches of ophthalmic (V1)
18
Q
What provides somatic sensory to posterior septum & lateral wall?
A
Branches of maxillary (V2)
Ex. Nasopalatine n.
19
Q
What provides special sensory to nasal mucosa?
A
Olfactory via cribriform foramina
20
Q
What aa supply the nasal cavity?
A
Branches of:
- Facial
- Ophthalmic
- Sphenopalatine
21
Q
Where does venous drainage of the nasal cavity occur?
A
Through a venous plexus draining into:
- Facial
- Ophthalmic
- Sphenopalatine
22
Q
Hard palate
A
Forms roof of oral cavity & floor of nasal cavity
23
Q
Where does the greater palatine foramina lie?
A
Medial to 3rd molars
24
Q
Where does the lesser palatine foramina lie?
A
Posterior to greater palatine foramina
25
Where is the incisive fossa located?
Midline, posterior to central incisors
26
What provides somatic sensory to mucosal lining of hard palate & maxillary gingiva ?
1. Nasopalatine nn. (CN V2)
- Pass through incisive canal & fossa
2. Greater palatine nn (CN V2)
- Pass through greater palatine foramina
27
What provides somatic sensory to mucosal lining of soft palate?
Lesser palatine nn (CN V2)
| - Pass through lesser palatine foramina
28
Depression of soft palate
Brings it in contact w/ tongue, sealing off oral cavity from nasopharynx
29
Elevation of soft palate
Brings it in contact w/ posterior wall of pharynx, sealing off oral cavity from nasopharynx
30
Soft palate is posterior to what?
The hard palate
31
What innervates levator veli palatini? What is the action?
- Vagus n
| - Elevates soft palate
32
What innervates tensor veli palatini? What is the action?
- Mandibular n
| - Tenses soft palate
33
What innervates palatoglossus? What is the action?
- Vagus
| - Depresses soft palate & elevates tongue
34
What innervates palatopharyngeus? What is the action?
- Vagus
| - Tenses soft palate
35
Palatine tonsils
- Located btwn palatoglossal & palatopharyngeal
| - Highly vascular tonsillar bed (surgical concern during tonsillectomy)
36
How does the nasopharynx communicate w/ the nasal cavity?
Via choanae
37
Auditory tubes
- Connect nasopharynx w/ middle ear
- Pressure equilibrium
- Muscles of soft palate help w/ opening tubes during swallowing
38
What are pharyngeal tonsils called when they are enlarged?
Adenoids
39
Where are pharyngeal tonsils located?
Supero-posterior to opening of auditory tube
40
Fxn of ear
- Transfers sound wave vibrations to inner ear for perception of sound
- Detects head position
- Perceives balance
41
External acoustic meatus
- Slightly curved canal
| - Composed of cartilage (lateral 1/3) & temporal bone (medial 2/3)
42
What do sebaceous & ceruminous glands produce?
Cerumen
43
TM
- Separates external & middle ears
- Cone-shaped
- Articulates w/ malleus
44
What provides sensory to external surface of TM?
Auriculotemporal (CN V3)
45
What provides sensory to internal surface of TM?
Glossopharyngeal
46
Middle ear
- Air filled space (tympanic cavity, epitympanic cavity) in petrous part of temporal bone
47
How does the tympanic cavity communicate antero-medially w/ nasopharynx?
Via auditory tube
| - Route for spread of infection --> otitis media
48
TM also communicates postero-superiorly w/ what?
Mastoid antrum/ air cells of mastoid process
| - Otitis media can spread to mastoid air cells --> mastoiditis
49
What innervates the malleus? What is the action?
- CN V3
| - Reduces movement of malleus & tympanic membrane in presence of loud sounds
50
What does the malleus articulate with?
TM & incus
51
What innervates the stapedius? What is the action?
- CN VII
| - Reduces movement of stapes in presence of loud sounds
52
Facial nerve pathway
Enters internal acoustic meatus --> facial canal --> Exits stylomastoid foramen & gives off 3 branches
- Greater petrosal
- Stapdedius
- Chorda tympani
53
Greater petrosal innervation
PNS to lacrimal gland & glands of palate & nasal cavity
- Joins deep petrosal & synapses in pterygopalatine ganglion
54
Stapedius nerve inneration
Somatic motor to stapedius
55
Chorda tympani innervation
- Taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
| - PNS to submandibular & sublingual glands
56
Glossopharyngeal n. gives off what branches?
- Tympanic
| - Leser petrosal
57
Tympanic nerve forms what? What does it innervate?
Tympanic plexus
| - Somatic sensory to internal surface of TM
58
Lesser petrosal innervation
Preganglionic PNS to parotid gland
| - Synapses at otic ganglion
59
Pathway of greater petrosal n.
Brain --> pterygoid canal --> join deep petrosal n. --> forms n. of pterygoid canal --> pterygopalatine ganglion --> joins CN V1 & V2 --> nasal cavity, palate, & lacrimal gland
60
Lesser petrosal pathway
Brain --> joins CN V3 --> parotid gland
61
Where is the inner ear located?
Within petrous part of temporal bone
62
How do vestibule-sound vibrations enter inner ear?
Via oval window
63
Cochlea
- Shell shaped, fluid-filled ducts
| - Round window on lateral wall
64
Special sensory innervation (hearing, balance)
Vestibulocochlear passes through internal meatus
- Cochlear n to cochlea (hearing)
- Vestibular nerve to vestibule & semicircular canals
