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Anatomy > Nasal Cavity, PPG, Palate > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity, PPG, Palate Flashcards

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0
Q

What does the nasal cavity do?

A 
Respiration
Olfaction
Filtration of dust
Humidification of air
Drains paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
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1
Q

Whats the name of the structure that the air enters through your nose?

A

Nares

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2
Q

What are the three parts of the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

frontal nasal
ethmoidal
sphenoidal

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3
Q

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity

A

palatine process of maxilla

horizontal plate of palatine bone

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4
Q

What forms the lateral and medial walls of the nasal cavity

A 
lateral = conchae
medial = nasal septum
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5
Q

In a clockwise direction, the nasal septum consists of:

A

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Vomer
Septal Cartilage

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6
Q

What are the arteries that supply the nasal septum and where do they branch from?

A

septal branch of anterior/posterior ethmoidal - from opthalmic artery
septal branch of sphenopalatine - from maxillary artery
distal portion of greater palatine - from maxillary artery

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7
Q

What nerves serve somatic sensation to the nasal septum? Functional components?

A

SA
Anterior ethmoidal (V1)
Nasopalatine (V2)
Internal branch of infraorbital nerve (V2)
Posterior superior/inferior medial nasal nerves (V2)

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8
Q

What nerve supplies special sense of smell to the nasal septum? Functional component?

A

CN I

SS-smell

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9
Q

What regulates blood flow?

A

Sym/post fibers

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10
Q

What provides secretomotor innervation of the mucous glands in the nasal septum?

A

Para/post fibers of the PPG

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11
Q

What are the four air channels that form between the concha

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess
Superior meatus
Middle meatus
Inferior meatus

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12
Q

What are the arteries that supply the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and where do they branch from?

A

Posterior/anterior ethmoidal from the opthalmic artery
Lateral nasal from facial artery
Sphenopalatine from maxillary artery

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13
Q

What supplies somatic sensation to the lateral wall? Functional components?

A

SA
Anterior ethmoidal (V1)
Internal branch of the infraorbital (V2)
Posterior superior/inferior lateral nasal (V2)

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14
Q

What supplies the special sense of smell to the lateral wall? Functional component?

A

SS-smell

CN I

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15
Q

What regulates the blood flow?

A

Sym/post fibers

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16
Q

What supplies secretomotor innervation to the mucosal glands of the lateral wall? Functional components?

A

Para/pre fibers from the PPG

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17
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air filled extensions of the respiratory portion of the nasal cavity

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18
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary

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19
Q

What is the course of the frontal sinus drainage?

A

Drains through the frontalnasal duct

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20
Q

Where do the anterior ethmoidal air cells drain?

A

Drain into the middle meatus via the ethmoidal infundibulum

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21
Q

Where do the middle ethmoidal air cells drain?

A

Middle meatus via the ethmoidal bulla

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22
Q

Where do the posterior ethmoidal air cells drain?

A

Directly into the superior meatus

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23
Q

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain

A

Directly into the sphenoethmoidal recess

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24
Where does the maxillary sinus drain?
Into the middle meatus via the semilunar hiatus
25
Where does the lacrimal sac drain?
Into the inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal duct
26
What forms the hard palate?
Palatine processes of maxillae | Horizontal plates of palatine bones
27
The upper alveolar arch contains ___ teeth. What are they?
``` 16 teeth 4 incisors 2 canines 4 premolars 6 molars ```
28
What are the three openings on the oral aspect of the hard palate? What goes through them?
1. Incisive fossa - sphenopalatine artery (posterior septal branch) meets greater palatine artery, nasopalatine nerve meets the greater palatine nerve 2. Greater palatine foramen - greater palatine nav 3. Lesser palatine foramen - lesser palatine nav
29
Name the vessels that go through the 3 holes in the hard palate and where they branch from
Sphenopalatine artery - Maxillary artery Nasopalatine nerve - V2 Greater palatine nerve - V2 Lesser palatine nerve - V2 Greater palatine artery - Maxillary artery Lesser palatine artery - Maxillary artery
30
What are the nerves that enter the 3 holes in the hard palate? What are their functional components?
Nasopalatine - sym/post, para/post, SA, VA Greater palatine - sym/post, para/post, SA, VA Lesser palatine - sym/post, para/post, SA, VA, SS-taste from soft palate
31
What do the greater palatine and lesser palatine nerves innervate?
Greater palatine - hard palate | Lesser palatine - soft palate
32
The soft palate is strengthened by the ____________ which is formed by which muscle?
Palatine aponeurosis | Tensor veli palatini muscle
33
The soft palate is joined to the tongue and pharynx by what?
Palatoglossal arch | Palatopharyngeal arch
34
The mucosa of the arches that connect the tongue and palate cover what?
Palatoglossus muscle | Palatopharyngeus muscle
35
What lies between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches?
Palatine tonsil (in the tonsillar fossa)
36
What is the fauces? What is it bounded by?
Aperature leading from the mouth into the oropharynx Palatoglossal arch laterally, soft palate superiorly, dorsum of the tongue inferiorly
37
What do the muscles of the soft palate do? What stage of deglutition?
Elevate in order to seal off the oropharynx from the nasopharynx Also elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing (2nd stage of deglutition which is involuntary and rapid)
38
Where is the pterygopalatine fossa?
Inferior to the orbit, medial to the infratemporal fossa, lateral to the nasal cavity
39
What is inside the pterygopalatine fossa?
V2, PPG, third part of maxillary artery and its branches
40
What are the boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Roof = greater wing of sphenoid Anterior wall = posterior aspect of the maxilla Posterior wall = pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone Lateral wall = pterygomaxillary fissure Medial wall = perpendicular plate of the palatine bone Floor = pyramidal process of palatine bone
41
What does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with?
1 Laterally with the infratemporal fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure 2 Medially with the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen 3 Anterosuperiorly with the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure 4 Posterosuperiorly with the middle cranial fossa through the foramen rotundum and the pterygoid canal
42
Which nerve enters the pterygopalatine fossa through the foramen rotundum?
Maxillary (V2)
43
Within the pterygopalatine fossa, the maxillary nerve branches into what?
Zygomatic to zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal
44
What nerves does the communicating branch connect?
Zygomatic nerve (V2) to the lacrimal nerve (V1) It conveys para/post fibers to the lacrimal gland
45
What nerves suspend the PPG and where are they from?
Two pterygopalatine nerves from V2
46
Where does the greater petrosal nerve branch from? Functional components?
CN VII para/pre, VA, SS-taste from soft palate that originated in the lesser palatine nerve
47
Where do the para/pre fibers of the greater petrosal nerve synapse?
PPG
48
Where is the deep petrosal nerve from? Functional components?
Internal carotid sympathetic plexus | Sym/post, VA
49
What are the major branches off the PPG?
``` ORder NApkins POSSibly Good Lunch PHeasant FIBERS Orbital Nasopalatine Posterior superior medial/lateral nasal Greater palatine Lesser palatine Pharyngeal Fibers leading to lacrimal gland ```
50
What are the functional components of the branches off of the PPG
VE-para/post, VE-sym/post, VA, SA lesser palatine also has SS-taste from soft palate
51
What is Kiesselbach's area?
Anastomosis of 4-5 arteries that supply the anteroinferior region of the nasal septum Area involved in chronic epistaxis (nosebleeds)
52
What is epistaxis and where does it occur? How does mild epistaxis differ from regular epistaxis?
. Nosebleeds that result from rupture of arteries in the anterior 1/3 of the nose . Anastomosis of sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries . Mild epistaxis usually occurs from nose picking which tears veins
53
What is rhinitis?
Swollen and inflamed nasal mucosa that occurs during upper respiratory infections or allergic reactions
54
Infections of the nasal cavities can spread to what 5 places?
. Anterior cranial fossa through the cribriform plate . Lacrimal apparatus and conjunctiva . Middle ear through auditory tube . Nasopharynx and retropharyngeal tissues . Paranasal sinuses
55
Tonsillitis affects which tonsils? What hole can the tonsils block?
. Pharyngeal tonsils | . Opening between oral cavity and oropharynx, creating dysphagia
56
Tensor veli palatini muscle innervation and function
. V3 | . Tenses soft palate
57
Levator veli palatini innervation and function
CN X | Elevates the soft palate
58
Musculus uvulae innervation and function
CN X | Shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly
59
Palatoglossus muscle innervation and function
CN X | Elevates posterior part of tongue and depresses soft palate
60
Palatopharyngeus muscle innervation and function
CN X | Depresses soft palate and pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing

Anatomy (13 decks)

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