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Oral Cavity and Larynx Flashcards

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0
Q

The oral cavity consists of two parts:

A

1 oral vestibule (space between cheeks and lateral edge of teeth)
2 oral cavity proper (space in between teeth, its filled by the tongue)

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1
Q

What is the first phase of deglutition? Voluntary or involuntary?

A

Food bolus put in the mouth and compressed against the palate. Voluntary

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2
Q

The alveolar arches are:

A

They contain the sockets of the teeth and are covered by gingivae (gums)

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3
Q

The lips are covered externally by skin and internally by?

A

Mucous membrane

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4
Q

The gingivae (gums) are composed of ___________ that is covered with mucous membrane

A

fibrous tissue

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5
Q

What are the pieces called that attach the lips to the gingivae?

A

Frenulum (thats singular)

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6
Q

What are the three layers of the cheeks?

A

Skin
Buccinator
Oral mucosa

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7
Q

What is the principle muscle of the cheek and what is it innervated by?

A

Buccinator

CN VII

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8
Q

What is the parotid papilla and where does it open into?

A

The parotid duct opens at the parotid papilla opposite the upper second molar

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9
Q

What provides somatosensory innervation to the cheek? What is the functional component?

A 
Buccal nerve (branch of V3)
SA
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10
Q

In context of the TOP tooth pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar processes, what innervates the incisors and canines?

A

Anterior superior alveolar nerve (V2 branch)

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11
Q

In context of TOP tooth pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar processes, what innervates the two premolars and half of the first molar?

A

Middle superior alveolar nerve (V2)

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12
Q

In context of TOP tooth pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar processes, what innervates the second half of the first molar plus the other two molars?

A

Posterior superior alveolar nerve (V2)

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13
Q

What innervates the superior lingual gingiva?

A

Nasopalatine (V2)

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14
Q

In context of the vestibular (buccal, labial) gingiva, what innervates the area above the incisors and canines?

A 
Anterior superior alveolar nerve (V2)
Infraorbital nerve (V2)
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15
Q

In context of the vestibular (buccal, labial) gingiva, what innervates the area above the premolars?

A 
Middle superior alveolar nerve (V2)
Infraorbital nerve (V2)
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16
Q

In the context of the vestibular (buccal, labial) gingiva, what innervates the area above the molars?

A

Posterior superior alveolar nerve (V2)

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17
Q

What are the two regions of the tongue and where are they located?

A

Anterior 2/3 is the body and is located in the oral cavity proper - has a dorsal and ventral surface

Posterior 1/3 is the root and is located in the oropharynx

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18
Q

Which papillae of the tongue contain taste buds?

A

Fungiform
Vallate
Foliate

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19
Q

Which papillae contain sensory nerve endings that are sensitive to touch?

A

Filiform

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20
Q

Which nerves does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue give special sensory (SS) and receive somatic sensory (SA) from?

A

The chorda tympani (CN VII) picks up the ss-taste fibers from the tongue via the lingual nerve. The lingual nerve picks up para/pre fibers from the chorda tympani

The lingual nerve (V3) delivers SA to the anterior 2/3 of tongue

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21
Q

Which nerve receives SS-taste fibers from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and delivers SA fibers to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Lingual branch of CN IX

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22
Q

What takes SS-taste fibers from the “anterior to the epiglottis” and supplies VA?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve (CN X)

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23
Q

All muscles of the tongue are innervated by _____ except for which muscle?

A

CN XII

Palatoglossus (CN X)

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24
Which muscles alter the shape of the tongue
Intrinsic muscles
25
Which muscles alter the position of the tongue
Extrinsic muscles
26
The floor of the oral cavity proper contains what 6 structures?
``` Lower alveolar arch Mylohyoid muscle Geniohyoid muscle Submandibular gland and duct Sublingual gland Lingual nerve ```
27
What is the purpose of the lingual frenulum?
Attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth while allowing free movement of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
28
What is the sublingual caruncle?
Opening of the submandibular ducts
29
What is the sublingual fold? Whats on top of the fold?
Slight elevation of the mucosa due to the sublingual gland sitting underneath 8-20 holes that are the sublingual ducts
30
What are the vessels that can be seen on the ventral surface of the tongue?
Deep lingual vessels (from the lingual artery and vein)
31
What is more superior, the sublingual duct or lingual nerve?
Sublingual duct
32
The floor of the oral cavity proper is supplied by what vessels?
Lingual artery/vein and its branches (lingual vessels from external carotid)
33
What innervates the bottom incisors, canines, and half of the first premolar?
Incisive branch of inferior alveolar nerve (V3)
34
What innervates the bottom second half of the first premolar, the second premolar, and all of the molars?
Dental branches of inferior alveolar nerve (V3)
35
What innervates the bottom gums of the incisors, canines, and both premolars?
Mental branch of inferior alveolar nerve (V3)
36
What innervates the bottom gums of all of the molars?
Buccal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve (V3)
37
What nerve supplies general sensory innervation to the floor of the mouth?
Lingual nerve
38
What are the 2 suprahyoid muscles that help form the floor of the oral cavity proper?
Mylohyoid | Geniohyoid
39
What triangle is the larynx located in?
Muscular triangle
40
What vertebral levels does the larynx sit in and what does it do?
C3-C6 | Phonating mechanism designed for voice production
41
What are the 3 laryngeal spaces and what are their boundaries?
Supraglottic - laryngeal inlet to the false vocal cords (vestibular folds) Ventricle - between false and true vocal cords (vocal folds) Infraglottic - between the true vocal cords and the lower border of the cricoid cartilage
42
What is the rima glottis?
Space between true vocal cords
43
What is the glottis?
Region that includes the true vocal cords AND the rima glottis
44
What are the 9 cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton?
``` Thyroid Cricoid Epiglottic Arytenoid (2) Corniculate (2) Cuneiform (2) ```
45
Which cartilage is located in the aryepiglottic folds? Whats significant about this?
``` Cuneiform cartilages (2) They are lost if the mucosa has been pulled off ```
46
Thyrohyoid membrane?
Binds hyoid to superior portion of thyroid cartilage
47
Cricothyroid membrane
Made up of median and lateral cricothyroid ligaments Binds cricoid and thyroid cartilages and helps form the conus elastus
48
Quadrangular membrane
Extends between epiglottic and arytenoid cartilages Its inferior margin forms the vestibular ligament
49
What makes up the conus elastus? What does it do?
Median cricothyroid ligament Lateral cricothyroid ligament Vocal ligaments Connects cricoid cartilage to the vocal ligaments and forms the roof of the infraglottic space
50
Lateral cricoarytenoid innervation and function
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (BM) | Adduction of vocal ligaments
51
Innervation and function of transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (BM) | Adduction of vocal ligaments
52
Posterior cricoarytenoid innervation and function
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (BM) | Abduction of vocal ligaments
53
Vocalis and thyroarytenoid innervation and function
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (BM) | Relaxation of vocal ligaments
54
Cricothyroid innervation and function
External laryngeal nerve (BM) | Increase tension of vocal ligaments
55
What are the adductors of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?
Lateral cricothyroid Oblique Arytenoid Transverse arytenoid
56
What are the abductors of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles
Posterior cricoarytenoid
57
Which of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles is a relaxer?
Vocalis | Thyroarytenoid
58
Which laryngeal constrictor muscle is a tensor?
Cricothyroid
59
Which nerve sends visceromotor (VE) and viscerosensory (VA) innervation to the mucosa and mucous glands of the larynx?
CN X
60
All of the muscles of the larynx are innervated by what? What are the functional components?
``` CN X (specifically recurrent laryngeal and superior laryngeal branches) BM ```
61
Which arteries supply blood to the larynx?
Superior/inferior laryngeal vessels
62
What does the internal laryngeal nerve supply and what are its functional components?
. VA and VE-para/pre to the laryngeal mucous membrane superior to the vocal cords . VA and SS-taste to the anterior epiglottis
63
What does the external laryngeal nerve supply and what are the functional components?
BM and SA | Cricothyroid
64
The recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend toward the larynx in between the:
Trachea and Esophagus
65
What do the recurrent laryngeal nerves supply and what are the functional components?
. BM and SA to all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid | . VE-para/pre and VA to mucosa and mucous glands below the true vocal cords
66
What vessels are paired with the internal laryngeal nerve after passing the thyrohyoid membrane?
Superior laryngeal artery/vein, which is a branch of the superior thyroid artery/vein
67
Which vessels accompany the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the pharyngeal gap #4
Inferior laryngeal artery/vein which is a branch of the inferior thyroid artery/vein
68
What is the neurovasculature above the vocal folds?
Innervation: • Internal laryngeal nerve (VE-para/pre, VA, SS-taste of anterior epiglottis) • Sym/post (via superior laryngeal artery) Blood Supply: • Superior laryngeal artery (branch of superior thyroid artery)
69
What is the neurovasculature below the vocal folds?
Innervation: • Recurrent laryngeal nerve (BM-CN X, VE-para/pre, VA, SA- propriception of muscles) • Sym/post (via inferior laryngeal artery) Blood Supply: • Inferior laryngeal artery (branch of inferior thyroid artery)
70
What four muscles comprise the intrinsic tongue muscles? What innervates them?
``` Superior longitudinal Vertical Transverse Inferior longitudinal CN XII ```
71
What do the superior longitudinal muscles do? Nerve?
Curls tongue longitudinally upward, elevating apex and sides, shortens tongue CN XII
72
What do the vertical tongue muscles do? Nerve?
Flattens and broadens tongue | CN XII
73
What do the transverse tongue muscles do? Nerve?
Narrows and elongates tongue
74
What do the inferior longitudinal tongue muscles do? Nerve?
Curls tongue longitudinally downward, depressing apex, shortens tongue CN XII
75
Genioglossus innervation and function
Protrudes tongue, bilaterally depresses tongue, unilaterally wags tongue CN XII
76
Styloglossus innervation and function
Retract and elevate the tongue | CN XII
77
Hyoglossus innervation and function
Retract and depress tongue
78
Geniohyoid innervation and function
Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly, shortens floor of mouth, widens pharynx CN XII
79
Mylohyoid innervation and function
``` Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during speaking and swallowing Mylohyoid nerve (V3) ```
80
Describe the innervation of the submandibular and lingual glands, beginning with the superior salivatory nucleus
Para/pre fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus course through the chorda tympani (VII), then the lingual (V3), and synapse at the submandibular ganglion. The para/post fibers then directly innervate the submandibular gland or hop back on the lingual nerve to innervate the sublingual gland
81
Describe the parotid gland innervation, beginning with the inferior salivatory nucleus
Para/pre fibers originate from the inferior salivatory nucleus and course through the tympanic nerve of CN IX to the tympanic plexus. The para/pre fibers course through the lesser petrosal nerve and travel through the foramen ovale to synapse at the otic ganglion. Para/post fibers course through the auriculotemporal nerve (V3) to the parotid gland

Anatomy (13 decks)

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