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history > nationalims,race,ideology booklet > Flashcards

nationalims,race,ideology booklet Flashcards

1
Q

when did ww1 end and what caused the end

A

fighting came to end with armistice in november 1918

official end of war treaty of versailles in june 1919

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2
Q

what changes happens during the time ww1 ended

A

german empire collapsed and kaiser wilhem fled germany
monarchy replaced with democracy run by elected officials
germany became a democratic republic- weimar republic

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3
Q

why was the weimar republic troublesome

A

no party could win majority of votes
economy went through several crises
did not manage democratic leadership well
democracy not supported by big businesses or military or judiciary

weimar republic began to fall apart in 1933 when hitler became chancellor

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4
Q

what were the 4 key terms of the treaty of versailles

A
  • accept responsibility and guilt
  • war reparations
  • military restrictions: army limited to 100 000 volunteers only. not allowed armoured vehicles,submarines and aircraft. rhineland became demilitarised zone.
  • loss of land: lost all overseas territories and colonies. lost all land in europe to poland, denmark and france
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5
Q

what were germanys feelings towards the treaty

A

the treaty was a hated document in germany.
germans felt betrayed by leaders who signed it. still in shock from effects of war,economy was struggling,germans were bitter,humiliated and resentful- all worsened by treaty

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6
Q

what is the treaty of versailles also known as

A

war guilt cause

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7
Q

why was the league of nations created

A

to ensure that war never broke out again

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8
Q

who were the founding members of the league of nations

A

most european nations excluding germany -blamed for war

woodrow wilson made league of nations but usa refused to join - stay out of international affairs

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9
Q

what came with germany being a democratic republic

A

germans over 20 could vote

republic lead by chancellor and president

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10
Q

how did the people of germany feel towards the weimar government

A

government did not have loyalty and support of germans.

blamed new government for :agreeing to terms of treaty,economic,social and political failures that occurred

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11
Q

why were the 1920s in the weimar republic characterised by hyperinflation

A

finanical misjudgements during war

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12
Q

what is the german currency

A

mark

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13
Q

how was the economy in 1922

A

germany was failing to make reparation payments

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14
Q

how was the economy by the end of 1923

A

the weimar government was able to secure loans to help the struggling economy (the loans being from the usa)

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15
Q

what happened in october 1929

A

the wall street stock exchange collapsed

, taking the us economy with it, leading to the great depression

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16
Q

how did the great depression affect the USA

A

millions of people lost their jobs,homes and possessions
banks closed- people lost all their savings
factories and businesses closed as they could no longer afford to pay workers
people became destitute- suicide rates increased

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17
Q

how were the affects of the collapse of the wall street stock exchange felt in germany

A

german businesses that relied on loans from the USA collapsed
more and more people began to suffer
the weimar government’s was unable to provide a solution and lost popularity

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18
Q

how did hitler make himself look like the saviour germany needed

A

he took advantage of the hardships of germans and through stirring up public sentiment by emotionalism and propaganda, he scapegoated the jewish population and gained power and influence

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19
Q

what was the holocaust

A

genocide

planned mass murder of 6 milly jews during nazi era

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20
Q

what acts are a part of genocide

A

killing members of group
causing serious bodily or mental harm
deliberately inflicting onto group conditions of life yo bring about physical destruction
imposing measures to prevent births
forcibly transferring children from one group to another

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21
Q

how many jews were in europe in 1933

A

9 million

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22
Q

true or false (motivate answer)

jewish communities are diverse

A

rich, poor,secular,intellectual,peasant

majority participated in intellectual,economic and cultural life

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23
Q

when did jews in germany get full citizenship rights

A

end of 19th century

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24
Q

how many jews were in germany at 1933

A

500 000 making up less than 1% of population

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25
Q

where did eugenics originate

A

scientific movement from late 19th and early 20th centuries.

derives from greek word for good stock/birth

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26
Q

who invented eugenics

A

english naturalist sir francis galton in 1883

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27
Q

what is eugenics

A

belief in natural selection (survival of the fittest) and selective breeding in human beings

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28
Q

what is the principle of eugenics

A

only “positive genes” should be continued and “negative genes” should be discouraged from breeding by sterilisation or death

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29
Q

who was seen as genetically inferior?

A

jews, physically and mentally disabled people,criminals, alcoholics feeble minded people, destitute people, promiscuous people

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30
Q

why is eugenics considered a pseudoscience

A

because although you cant have “good” and “bad genes” and being disabled,jewish etc does not mean you have “bad genes”
eugenics is ultimately a way of justifying policies of mass murder

31
Q

define anti semitism

A

hatred or dislike of jewish people

anti semitism unites pseudoscientific theories with old anti-jewish stereotypes

32
Q

why did germans dislike jews initially

A

they were blamed for the death of jesus christ and associated with the devil

33
Q

what racial theories stemmed from the 19th century

A

skin color,head size and bloodline were said to indicate character,ability and talent

34
Q

what did anti semites believe

A

racial characteristics could not be overcome by assimilation or conversion

35
Q

what party was founded in munich 1919

A

german workers party- anti semetic, right wing (conservative) political party

36
Q

what did the german workers party change their name to in 1920

A

national socialist german workers party- NAZI party

37
Q

what are the core principles of the nazi party

A

rejection of treaty of versailles
mistrust of communists
belief in eugenics
hatred for jews

38
Q

who were the storm troopers and what did they do

A

aka SA

groups of armed supporters hitler set up who wore brown shirts

their motto was: all opposition must be stamped to the ground

they would organise marching parades and beat up people who disagreed with them

39
Q

what are the key aims of the nazi party

A

strong germany: abolish treaty of versailles and unite german speakers
führer: single leader with complete power
eugenics & racism: aryan race-superior,jews-subhuman
autarky & dictatorship: germany should be economically self sufficient
germany is in danger: from communists and jews, must be destroyed
lebensraum- need for living space for german nation to expand

40
Q

how did hitler end up in jail

A

in november 1923, he tried to take advantage of the hyperinflation crisis by instigating revolution in munich but poor planning and misjudgement led to failure and him and his associates being tried for treason

41
Q

how long was he imprisoned for

what did he do while he was in jail

A

over a year
he wrote his book mein kampf, my struggle
he spent time rethinking and reorganising the structure of the nazi party

42
Q

what is mein kampf about

A

it is an autobiography and explanation of his ideology and violent anti semetism

43
Q

who was joseph goebells

what was his role

A

nazi party’s propaganda minister

aided hitler in crafting nazi ideology and indoctrinating population

44
Q

what is indoctrination

A

persuasive education

teaching person or group to accept set of beliefs uncritically

45
Q

what change happened in hitlers status in 1932

A

president hindenburg appointed hitler as chancellor with von papen as vice

46
Q

what convenient event occurred after hitler became chancellor

A

german parliament buildings(reichstag) became target of arson attack
marinus van der lubbe,a communist, was found at the scene and blamed for the fire. hitler used this incident to demonstrate disloyalty of communist party and influenced government to institute mass arrests of all communists

events manipulated eliminate nazi’s competition

47
Q

what did hindenburg sign on 24 march 1993

A

enabling act/ law to remedy the distress of the people and reich

gives hitler and nazis right to full authority and control of germany

48
Q

how did hitler use persuasion to gain and maintain control of germany

A

blamed weimar government for punishment and humiliation of treaty, scapegoated jews.

49
Q

what is the totalitarian state

A

brought all sectors of german life under his control

all political parties except nazi banned
nazi controlled groups (eg SS- schutz staffel- protection squad) made responsible for eliminating political opposition
church,education,science,arts and media directly controlled by nazi party
hitler advocated for creating pure master aryan race

50
Q

what changes had hitler made by 1934 when hindenburg died

A

building the dachau protective custody camp, introducing racial science schools, passing the law for the prevention of genetically diseased offspring

51
Q

what legal steps did the nazis take to solve their “jewish problem”

A

nuremburg laws- separated pure german people socially,politically and physically
laws took away rights of jews living in germany (no longer german citizens) prohibited from marrying or having sexual relations with those of german or related blood
disefranchised jews- deprived them of political rights

52
Q

how did the new laws change how you define someone as jewish

why was this problematic

A

being jewish was now a racial classification
if your grandparents were jews- you were too
many germans had not practiced judaism for years but found themselves in nazi terror
if you had converted to christinaity- still a jew

53
Q

why did hitler create the aryan race

A

to create a healthy racially purified performance- oriented utopian/idealistic society

54
Q

what are characteristics of the aryan race

A

men:
masculinity and strength, obedient,father lots of children
women: fulfill role of mothers and caregivers, producers of generations

pure german, blonde, blue eyes, tall, athletic, lutherin

55
Q

what anti-jewish measures were implemented

A 
jewish businesses boycotted, then siezed
jews defined and separated from non jews
jews excluded from proffesions and studies
jewsih children barred from schools
jews subject to publi humiliation
56
Q

capitalism

A

capitalism is means of production
business owners own businesses and employ workers and pay them salaries and earn a profit
private property

57
Q

communism

A

no private entrprice

everyone owns equally everything

58
Q

secular definition

A

not religious, not belonging to a religion

59
Q

destitute

A

extremely poor and lacking the means to provide for oneself.

60
Q

define armistice

A

an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.

61
Q

treaty meaning

A

a formally concluded agreement between states.

62
Q

monarchy meaning

A

a form of government with a monarch at the head.(royalty)

63
Q

republic

A

a group with a certain equality between its members.

64
Q

democracy definition

A

control of an organization or group by the majority of its members.

65
Q

what is marxism

A

society has no class

66
Q

assimilation

A

the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas.

67
Q

abdication

A

to renounce a throne

68
Q

lebensraum

A

the territory which a group, state, or nation believes is needed for its natural development.

living space

69
Q

turmoil

A

a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty.

70
Q

pseudoscience

A

a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method.

71
Q

judiciary

A

the judicial authorities of a country; judges collectively.

72
Q

hyperinflation

A

rapid, excessive, and out-of-control general price increases in an economy.

73
Q

autarky

A

economic independence or self-sufficiency.

74
Q

what did the enabling act give hitler the power to do

A

rule over germany as he pleased
implement harsh and oppressive laws for those he considered undesirable
shut down parliament
became dictator

history (14 decks)

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