Natural hazards Case studies Flashcards
(66 cards)
when was Kobe earthquake
it happened in January 1995 in the early hours of the morning before rush hour
what were the basic facts of Kobe earthquake
it was the first major earthquake in Japan in 400 years
Kobe has a population of 1.5 million
Economic damage was 100 billion which was 2.5% of Japan’s GDP
6000 people killed 35,000 injured
only 3% of buildings were ensured
train line collapsed
why was Kobe at risk form an earthquake
this city was vulnerable due to the plate boundaries. Kobe is situated on a convergent boundary on the Eurasian, pacific, and Philippine sea plates surrounding these plates are numerous fault lines such as The Nojima Fault which was responsible for the earthquake
kobe is a major port which also makes it at risk of soil liquefication
what were the responses to the Kobe earthquake
highly criticised for their response due to only 200 people sent out to help 5 hours after the event occurred
it took a further 4 days for more people to be sent out
they declined international help
48,000 housing units were supplied for the homeless
what were peoples perceptions before Kobe earthquake
Overconfidence in infrastructure
Many people believed that Japan’s strict building codes and modern infrastructure made them safe from major earthquake damage.
Especially in cities like Kobe, which had modern-looking buildings and bridges.
- Lack of personal preparedness
Because large quakes hadn’t hit Kobe in a long time, people were complacent.
Emergency kits, evacuation plans, and awareness were not widespread among households.
- Trust in government systems
People thought the government and emergency services would respond quickly and effectively.
There was a false sense of security — people underestimated how bad things could get.
this c
how did Kobe peoples perception change
- Shocked by the damage
Even modern buildings collapsed, highways buckled, and fires broke out.
People’s belief that they were “safe” because they lived in a developed city was shattered.
- Realization of systemic weaknesses
Delays in government response made people lose confidence in official systems.
Local communities had to rely on self-help and neighbours in the early days.
- Greater risk awareness
After Kobe, people became much more cautious and more aware of hazards.
More emphasis on personal preparedness, better emergency drills, and improved early warning systems.
how were the wildfires in Australia distributed
the distribution of wildfires was across the whole of Australia with the least amount being in new south Wales
what were the key facts on the Australian wildfires
killed 34 people
burned 186,000 km squared
destroyed over 5900 buildings
killed an estimated one billion animals
caused large amounts of extinction
what were the impact of the wildfires in Australia
killed 34 peole
cuased people to fell to the sea to esape the fire
military planes were being deployed to provide aid to comunites
3 billion animals displaced
900 million tonnes of co2 pollution
what were the short and long term responses of the autrlian wildfires
firefighting efforts- local firefighters and volunteer groups such as a rural fire service and the fire country authority
military support- Australian defence for deployed personnel, aircraft, and ships
over 100,000 were evacuated
in Mallacoota Victoria approximately 4000 people were rescued by naval ships
The Australian government invested around $200 million to support the recovery of native wildlife and their habitats. This included initiatives like the “Koala Forever” plan, which aims to double the koala population in eastern Australia by 2050.
were the Reponses to the Australian wildfires effective
i think that the response to this earthquke had a varying effectiveness with some working very welll and oters not. For example evacuaitions were succesfull but the fire was to large making fire fighting efforts not massivly effective
what was the locaition/path of hurricane mathew
Hurricane Matthew hit hati moved past Cuba and the bahamas then hit coastakl areas of the U.S suhc as florida, georgia and south and north carolina
what were the primary impacts of hurricane matthew in the US
a
it caused 49 deaths in the us
over 2 million people were evacuated
catastrophic inland flooding
caused an estimated 10 billion in damages
2.5 million people lost there power
infrastructure damage
what were the secondary impacts of hurricane matthew on the US
Lots of small business affected in various areas
a significant number of insurance claims were filled
leading to financial strain
soil and water pollution
flooding in wildlife
what were the primary imapcts of hurricane matthew in hati
over 546 people were confirmed dead through some estimates place the death tall much higher
175,000 people were displaced
nearly 200,000 homes were damaged/destroyed
southern Hati agriculture sector was nearly obliterated
fishing boats and equipment were destroyed
river overflowed and strom surges inducted
what ere the secondary impacts to hurricane Matthew on hati
resurgence of cholera which they have been battling since 2010
their was destruction of crops causing people to loose there live hoods
Hati economy was already struggling and this made it worse
they became dependant on aid from other coutries
were the responses to hurrricane matthew effective
Personally, I think that the responses to Hurricane Matthew were much more effective in the U.S.A. compared to Haiti. In the U.S they issued numerous warnings and evacuation orders before the hurricane made landfall
Hati is a very poor country who were still revering from the 2010 earthquake and the cholera outbreak then this left them unprepared and not ready.
what were the key dates of typhoon Haiyan
a
2nd November 2013= typhoon start in the pacific
3rd November 2013= it moves west turn to depression
4th November 2013 = haiyan becomes tropical
5th November 2013= rapid intensification winds up to 175 mph
7th November 2013 = made landfall on the Philippines
10-11th= reaches Vietnam and intensity decreases
what were the primary effects of typhoon haiyan
6300 people were killed or drowned
40,000 houses were destroyed
90% of taco ban was destroyed
4.1 million peole displaced
lack of medical and water services
what were the secondary effect of Typhoon haiyan
flooding and landslides
shortages of food and water
looting brok out n taco ban
destruction of sanitaition systems
mass migration
what was the path of typhoon haiyan
typhoon haiyan hit the philipines. It is located in south east asia north of the equator. It is surrounded by the pacific ocean
what were the immediate responses to typhoon haiyan
international government aid agencies responded quickly with supplies
US aircraft carries and helicopters assisted
1200 evacuation center were set up
UK sent shelter kits
what were the long term responses to typhoon haiyan
cash for work programs were introduced
fishng and risce farming was re-established
houses rebuilt away from dangrous areas
where the responses to typhoon haiyan effective
they were both ineffective and effective. Effective Responses:
International aid: $1.5 billion pledged; countries like the US and UK sent rescue teams, supplies, and military support.
Emergency relief: Red Cross provided food, water, and shelter; field hospitals were set up.
Fast logistics: US Navy helped with helicopters and ships to reach remote areas.
Ineffective Responses:
Slow government response: Poor coordination, especially in the first few days.
Poor communication: Warnings were unclear or not understood in rural areas.
Infrastructure damage: Roads and airports destroyed, delaying aid.
