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urban issues and challenges Flashcards

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1
Q

what does rural mean

A

a countryside with low population

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2
Q

what does urban mean

A

a built up area with a lot of people living there

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3
Q

what does migration mean

A

to move from a country and live in another

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4
Q

what does urbanization mean

A

the increasing proportion of people moving from rural to urban areas

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5
Q

how has the global urban population rapidly increase since 1950

A

since 1950 only 30% lived in city’s it is now projected to be 70% in 2050

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6
Q

what is a mega city

A

this is a city with 10 million plus people in it

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7
Q

what is an example of a mega city

A

London

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8
Q

where are the percentage of mega city’s located

A

in Asia,

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9
Q

what is natural increase

A

this is where the birth rate exceeds the death rate

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10
Q

what are the challenges faced by mega city’s

A

accommodating slums/ homeless
rubbish
huge traffic problems
diseases spread

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11
Q

where is Rio situated

A

On the Brazil Atlantic coastline in south america. Brazil is located on the east coast with 10 orderings countries including Bolivia and Peru

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12
Q

what is the importance of Rio internationally

A

the main airport is in Rio and gets you into all of the main business in Brazil

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13
Q

what is the importance of Rio locally

A

attracts 1 million people to carnival has a population of 6.5 million

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14
Q

what are the four zones in Rio

A

north= used for travel and favellas
south= tourists, wealthy area
central = histrocical and business
and west=lower class

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15
Q

how has Rios population changed

A

it has changed from 4 million to 10 million

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16
Q

what factors push you away from rio

A

schools are poor
liitle to no healthcare
low quality of life
poor harvests due to droughts
no ownership of land
mechanization taking farm workers jobs

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17
Q

what factors pull you towards Rio

A

better job chances
more entertainment
improved quality of life
better education
better chance in life
electricity and water

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18
Q

how has the literacy rate changed in rio since 1993 to 2011

A

it has decreased by three percent

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19
Q

how has education in Rio changed

A

all forms of education have improved from it was in 1933 to how it is currently. it has improved by about 30%

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20
Q

what is economic decline

A

this is the process of an area or company slowly declining in money sanitation and employees

low personal income
less access to food and safe water
hunger and poor sanitation
disease malnutrition
depleted workforce

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21
Q

what is the access to health care like in Rio

A

it is poor and unequal 2013 only 55% of the city had a local clinic and in the favelas of Santa Marat the nearest hospital id 13km away. life expectancy varies between 45 and 80

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21
Q

why has Rios favelas grown

A

thy have grown due to an increase in migration and due to natural increase.

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22
Q

what are the problems with favellas

A

construction= hard to build ,very limited access to water and electricity
,open sewers, hard to build houses on slope

crime= drug gangs, Red command, drag cartels, drug trafficking, weapons

services= no public services, police brutality, many homes with illegal electricity connection

health=population density over 37000 per km
infant mortality
waste cannot be disposed off

unemployment= no government
unemployment as high as 20%
average income may be as less than 75%

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23
Q

what was the favela bario project

A

this was the project which was put in place to improve the standard of living in favellas by improving infrastructure

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24
what did they do in favela bario project
they fixed buildings to hill to prevent landslides new health, leisure, education facilitates instillation of a cable car to the center of ipannea so resident can get to work 100% morgages for people to pay for homes
25
was favela bario a successful project
literacy rates have improved due to schools people can travel easier as roads are wider and safer the taxes from residents to improve services however rents have increased pushing poor out of the city the project has obly helped one favela unempolyment is till very high
26
how is the uks population set up
the uks population is distributed unevenly. England has a higher population density than Scotland or wales. The southeast of England has the highest population density for example london has iver 5000 people per square kilometer. whereas in northern Scotland there is less that 25 per square km
27
why is the uks population distributed unevenly
this is due to its changing weather patterns across the uk, The north east of the uk is often cold arctic winds and the south west has tropical winds and is very warm. furthermore it is more dense in the south due o the higher amount of jobs and better paid jobs
28
what is employment in the uk like
it is unevenly distributed the avergae icome in 35000 in the Scottish highlands it is 20000 and in some parts of wales and north west england it is 17000
29
where is london located
London is located in the south east of england. The city has a tidal river callled the river Thames running through it making easy transport of goods
30
what is the population of london
8.9 million
31
what is the average of life expectancy in London
79
32
What is the life expectancy of the uk
78
33
What is the average house price in the London
525000
34
What is the average hose price in uk
249000
35
What is the average income of the uk
35,000
36
What is the average income of the uk
27756
37
What is the importance of London nationally
London is the is capital city where the government is based London generates 22% of the uks GDP London is a transport hub
38
What is the importance of London internationally
London is describe as a world city Attracts investors Most visited city’s
39
What opportunities are there in London
Better health care Better jobs Higher income Tourism Entertainment Multi cultural
40
What is the cycle of urban decline
deterioration of the inner city often caused by lack of investment and maintenance
41
Where is Stratford located
Stratford is a town in East London, England, within the London Borough of Newham. Part of the Lower Lea Valley, Stratford
42
Why did London win the bid for the olympics
Local communities would benefit London is a global city London is well connected
43
Why did Stratford need regeneration
Landfill sites witting the view of housing Crime rate was high Perceptions of the area were unfavourable Most deprived area in London
44
What were the economic reason for regeneration in Stratford
Bad transport Bad road conditions Little jobs Very little industry
45
What are the environmental reasons for regeneration in Stratford
Little green space in the lower Lea valley Abandoned land and overgrown and contaminated River lea polluted with plastics
46
How was Stratford regenerated
New homes were rebuilt New and improved transport By 2030 10,000 homes will be built New academy for 2000 pupils Water way cleared New walking and cycling route created 9 billion in provate investment Sports equipment
47
What are the problems before the regeneration of stratford
They could get marooned without canals Very bad smell Dead things in the canal Chemicals in land Struggle to go to school
48
What are the problems after regeneration
Overcrowding No to much building space Hard to get shopping due to entertainment Services get overwhelmed
49
How do you live sustainably
Meeting need of the present without compromising the needs of the future
50
How does London live sustainably
Borris bikes Verticals farming Queens jubilee tree plantings
51
What are sustainable features which are used in Freiburg
Positive buildings bicycle usage trams high insulation solar pannles no cars in the city carbon free houses solar and Geo thermal energy
52
where is freiberg located
it is in the south west of Germany on the western edge of the back near Switzerland
53
how does freiburg preserve energy
they use renewable sources and is aimed to be completely sustainable bu 2050
54
how do freiburg sustianbly use water
they have created flood basins for flood and rai water to be collected
55
why has urban traffic increased
some people have multiple cars people commute further distances
56
what are the damaging effects of increased urban traffic
air pollution overcrowding noise pollution road damages danger of accident rises heath problems increase such as asthma
57
how do we manage traffic
improve public transport toil charges/ congestion charges reduce or exclude traffic by creating traffic free zone
58
what is London super highway and how does it work
cycle paths from external London into central London to make it safe and more appealing for tourists it reduces congestion and air pollution by reducing the cars on the road and reducing air pollution '' was this a successful scheme yes and no as there are often arguments between cars and bikes and often traffic jams
59
what is the congestion charge and how did it work
it was introduced in 20003 to reduce the amount of traffic in central London this was done by placing a 15 charge to enter London with your car which caused a 10% reduction it was successful as it decreased traffic however people with less money who had to travel would have to pay still
60
what was the challenge with housing in London
London is very unequal billionaires live in close proximity to the very poor. house prices are more expensive in london than anywhere else in the Uk. how do we sole this problem we could build on green feils sites and build on brownfield sites or a run down industry area
61
what was the challenge with health care in london
in poor parts of london there is lower life expectancy than in the richer areas we can improve health care by making it more accesable and reduce work force
62
what is the problem with education in the london
Bad school get the lowest number of gcse points per year poor education is bad ass the pupils from those schools will struggle to get jobs
63
what is the problem with air pollution in the uk
there are dense road network so lost of cars we could improve this with electric cars or bikes
64
why is waste disposal bad in London
1/4 of the waste goes to landfill our waste is sometimes sent to other parts of the world this can be solved by recycling more and using less packaging
65
whats urban sprawl
the rapid extention of geographic extent of cites
66
what is urban deprivation
a standard of living below that of the majority in a particular society that involves hardship
67
what is urban decline
its population loss and the concentartion in cities of major social economic and enviromental problems
68
what is the access to health care like in rio
is poor and equal only 55% of the city have local health care they set up health care places and went into the favels to find any diseases they found 20 since thin infant mortalitt has deacreased
69
what is the problem with air pollution in rio
fumes from heavy traffic were often released along with pollutants from factories new toll roads into city center to reduce congestion making roads one way during rush hour
70
what was the problem of inadequate electricity in Rio like
the whole city often deals with blackouts and favellas often are illegaly connected to power lines this has been fixed by installing 60 km of new power lines and by building a nuclear generator yy
71
why are the crime rates in rio so high
in 2013 police were sent into the favellas to retake them from drug gangs police have taken care of crime and dominated complexo do alemano and 30 smaller favellas
72
why is traffic congestion so bad in rio
this is caused by the increased usegae of cars it has been fixed by one way roads during ruch hour and more public cycle paths
73
what is the access to education like in Rio
only half of Rios children are educated beyond 14 they have fixed this by encouraging locals to volunteer in school and have opended a uni
74
what is the water like in rio
guanabura bay had 200 tonnes of raw sewage dumped on it and 50 tonnes of industrial waste they have fixed this problem by installing 300km of pipes in 2014
75
how is wealth spread across rio
in rio 1% of the richer people earn 12% of total income 50% of the poorer people only earn 13% of total income this can be fixed by introducing tax relief
76
how do rio manage waste disposal
most waste is dumped which how cholera is common in the favellas this can be fixed by creating a power plant and using the waste as fuel
77
what is employment like in Rio
in some parts of the city unemployment is close to 40% this can be fixed by keeping children in school and creating more jobs
78
what are squatter settlements like in rio
there are 2 million squatter settlements in rio 1000 favelas to reduce these we could put in a sefl help scheme where local authority help improve houses

Geography (14 decks)

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