Flashcards in Natural Selection Deck (26)
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1
how many islands in the Galapagos
19
2
where are the Galapagos islands located
Pacific Ocean
3
features of natural selection
variation in a population
selection pressure
environment
adaptations
4
natural selection
the process in which an environmental factor acts on a population and results in some organisms having more offspring that survive to reproduce than others
5
over production
species tend to produce more offspring than can survive to maturity
6
variation
there is a natural variation between individuals in a population
7
selection
-survival of the fittest
some individuals are better suited to their environment than others and so survive better
8
reproduction
individuals that survive better are able to reproduce more during their lifetimes, and pass on their characteristics to the next generation
9
adaptation
over many generations, the characteristics of individuals that survive better and produce more, become more common in the population.
10
evolution
any change to the heritable traits in the population across generations
11
two reasons for changes in heritable traits
-mutations
-two individuals reproduce
12
two examples of evolution
-peppered moth changing colour because of soot
-dogs originating from grey wolves
13
who is Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell walace?
they are two scientists who studied and attempted to explain the process of evolution
14
what is comparative anatomy
the study of differences and similarities between living things
15
what are the two claims made for evolution
-all living things on earth are related as they evolved from a common ancestor
-evolution is powered by natural processes
16
embryology
the study of how creatures develop before being born or hatching from an egg
-developing in the womb
17
fossil record
used to see the similarities in the bones from organisms millions of years ago. they help the scientists to understand where the creature evolved from.
18
dna comparison
dna molecules contain chemical codes which act like recipes for living things. dna researchers can compare the dna of different living creatures to find out who are the most closely related
19
how many species are alive today
over 8.7 million
20
independent lines of evidence
comparative anatomy
embryology and development
fossil record
dna comparison
species distribution
evolution observed
predictive power of evolution
nested hierarchies of traits
21
what animals do cetaceans include
whales, dolphins and porpoises
22
selection pressure
the effect of the selective agent on a population
23
selective agent
an environmental factor that acts on a population during natural selection
24
Isolation
Keeping interbreeding groups apart by some barrier or mechanism
25
Modification
Define
26
