NATURE OF ANTIGENS

Question 1

Epitope will bind by the________ of the _________

Answer 1

Paratope of the antibody

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE
Each antibody is specific to a particular epitope

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Macromolecules that is capable in triggering an adoptive immune response by inducing formation of antibodies or sensitized T cells of an immunocompetent host

Answer 3

Immunogen

Question 4

Can trigger the immune response

Answer 4

Immunogen

Question 5

Substances that reacts with antibody or sensitized T cells but may not evoke an immune response

Answer 5

Antigen

Question 6

Can’t trigger the immune system, can only bind or sensitize T cells

Answer 6

Antigen

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE:
all immunogens are antigens, but not all antigens are immunogens

Answer 7

True

Question 8

antigenic determinant

Answer 8

Epitope

Question 9

Site wherein your antibodies will bind

Answer 9

Epitope

Question 10

EPITOPE:
a. Active regions of an_________ (that binds to antigen-specific receptors on lymphocytes or
to secreted antibodies

b. Determinant site which are recognized by _____ or _____

Answer 10

a. immunogen
b. T cells or B cells

Question 11

The ability of antigen to react specifically with a free Ab or membrane coupled antibody
(BCR)

Answer 11

Antigenicity

Question 12

The ability to induce a humoral or cell mediated immune response

Answer 12

Immunogenicity

Question 13

A specific protein that is produced in response to an immunogen and reacts with an antigen

Answer 13

Antibody

Question 14

If we are demonstrating antigen and antibody reactions, the term to be used it ______

Answer 14

antigen

Question 15

If we are going to refer to an antigen that has a capability of producing or stimulating an immune
response, the term is ________

Answer 15

immunogen

Question 16

A substance that is non-immunogenic, just like an incomplete antigen which needs a carrier molecule to become complete

Answer 16

Hapten

Question 17

True or False for Hapten:
But it can react with the products of a specific immune response with no antibody formation

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Hapten:
Non-protein and ______________ (<10,000) molecules that could never induce an immune response when administered by themselves unless it coupled to a carrier molecule

a. Molecular weight of antigen has something to do to be categorized as a ____________________

b. This is found on the leaves on the poison ivy

Answer 18

Low molecular weight

a. strong antigen/ immunogen
b. Catechols (hapte)

Question 19

Catechols:
When a person touches the leaves, the protein on the skin will serve as the carrier molecule of the catechol inducing an Antigen- Antibody reaction leading to ___________

Answer 19

contact dermatitis

Question 20

Has the property of antigenicity but not immunogenicity

Answer 20

Hapten

Question 21

What are the factors influencing Immunogenicity?

Answer 21

Foreignness
Size
Chemical composition and complexity
Route dosage and timing
Adjuvants

Question 22

Factors influencing Immunogenicity:
The more different the composition, the greater the response

Answer 22

Foreignness

Question 23

Factors influencing Immunogenicity:
The more taxonomically distant the source of immunogen is from the host, the better it is
as a stimulus or the greater our immune system will be.

Answer 23

Foreignness

Question 24

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: FOREIGNNESS
a. Derived from the same individual
b. Derived from the same specie
c. Derived from different species (gives increased response) and most foreign
d. Ag found in unrelated plants and animals, cross react with Ab of another

Answer 24

a. Autoantigen
b. Alloantigen
c. Heteroantigen
d. Heterophile antigen

Question 25

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: SIZE a. Potent Ag- should have a molecular weight of __________ b. Good immunogen - such as Albumin has _________ c. Excellent immunogen that has a 1M daltons

Answer 25

a. >10,000 Da b. 40,000 Da c. Hemocyanin

Question 26

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: More complex the antigen is, the more immune response will happen

Answer 26

Chemical composition and complexity

Question 27

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Chemical composition and complexity a. Most immunogenic is ________ that is made up of __________ that are stacked up and twisted making it complex b. 2nd are ______________ c. Non-immunogenic are _______ and _______

Answer 27

a. Protein; amino acids b. Polysaccharides c. Lipids and nucleic acids

Question 28

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Chemical composition and complexity What are example of Microbes What are example of non-microbes?

Answer 28

Microbes: capsules, cell walls, toxins, viral capsids, flagella, etc. Non-microbes: pollen, egg white, red blood cell surface molecules, serum proteins, and surface molecules from transplanted tissue

Question 29

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Route dosage and timing These two are are effective and is used also in the concept of treatment because it is much better

Answer 29

Intravenous and intraperitoneal

Question 30

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Route dosage and timing It is stronger stimulus than subcutaneous or intramuscular

Answer 30

Intradermal

Question 31

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Route dosage and timing Smaller the dose are ____ response Higher the does, the _____ response

Answer 31

Smaller: less response Higher: more response

Question 32

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Substance added to vaccine and less immunologic molecules to increase the immune response

Answer 32

Adjuvants

Question 33

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Adjuvants a. Stimulate T cells- enhance the ______________ b. Stimulate B cells- enhance the ________________ c. Stimulate __________

Answer 33

a. Cellular Mediated Immunity b. Humoral Mediated Immunity c. Phagocytosis

Question 34

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Example of Adjuvants Water in oil emulsion of Mycobacterium/ Bordatella pertussis/ MTB

Answer 34

Complete Freund’s Adjuvant

Question 35

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Example of Adjuvants Stimulate B cells

Answer 35

Lipopolysaccharides

Question 36

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Example of Adjuvants Stimulate Phagocytosis

Answer 36

Alum adjuvant

Question 37

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Example of Adjuvants From shark oil, for HIV Vaccine

Answer 37

Squalene