Nature of Biostatistics Flashcards

(45 cards)

1
Q

science dealing with collection, organization, analysis and interpretation of numerical data.

A

statistics

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2
Q

art of summarazing data so that non-statistician can understand it.

A

statistics

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3
Q

special branch of stats which deals with quantitative and qualitative aspects of vital phenomena.

A

biostatistics

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4
Q

data required in planning, administration, and evolution of health programs

A

health statistics

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5
Q

N

all members of specified group

A

population

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6
Q

n

subset of population

A

sample

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7
Q

measure of characteristics of population

A

parameter

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8
Q

value of characteristics that remains the same from person to person, from time to time or place to place

A

constant

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9
Q

characteristics take on different values

A

variable

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10
Q

methods of summarizing and presenting data

A

descriptive statistics

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11
Q

computation of measures of central tendency and variability

A

descriptive statistics

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

tabulation and graphical presentation

A

descriptive statistics

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14
Q

methods of arriving at conclusions and generalizations about a target population based on information from a sample

A

inferential statistics

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15
Q

estimation of parameters and hypothesis testing

A

inferential statistics

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16
Q

type of data

according to source

A
  • primary data
  • secondary data
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17
Q
A
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18
Q

categories of data

types of variables

A
  • qualitative
  • quantitative
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19
Q

descriptions/labels to distinguish one group from another

20
Q

can be measured and ordered according to quantity or amount and expressed numerically.

21
Q

types of quantitative data

A
  • discrete
  • continuous
22
Q

can assume a finite or countable number of values

23
Q

can assume an infinity or other possible values

24
Q

scale of measurement of variables

A
  • nominal
  • ordinal
  • interval
  • ratio
25
* used for names or identifiers of category * always qualitative * does not represent any amount
nominal
26
* represents an ordered series of relationships * may be qualitative of quantitative
ordinal
27
* does not have true-zero value starting point * always quantitative
interval
28
* modified interval level which includes zero as a starting point * quantitative
ratio
29
systematic procedure to ensure that the information/data gathered are complete, consistent and suitable for analysis
data processing
30
data processing
* coding * encoding * editing
31
conversion of verbal/written information into numbers which can be more easily encoded, counted, tabulated
data coding
32
types of codes
* field * bracket * factual * pattern
33
actual value or info given by respondent
field code
34
recorded as range of values rather than actual values
bracket values
35
codes assigned to a list of categories of given variable
factual code
36
applicable for questions with multiple responses
pattern code
37
minimum information that must be included in coding manual:
* variable name * variable description * coding instructions
38
document contain a record of all codes assigned to the responsed to all questions in data collection forms
coding manual
39
Entering the data/responses in a spreadsheet.
data encoding
40
- Inspection and correction of any errors or inconsistencies in the information collected. - During data collection, encoding, before data analysis
data editing
41
types of editing
field central
42
Reviewing the accomplished data collection forms decoding of abbreviations or special symbols making callbacks/messages for verification/clarification of incomplete answers.
field editing
43
- Make corrections as early as possible. - Reduce non-response or incomplete answers. - Eliminate inconsistencies, incorrect info. - Make the entries clear, legible and - Comprehensive. - Prepare data for analysis.
importance of data editing
44
- Check for duplicate entries. - Check the totals of each variable if the same as with the sample size. - For qualitative data, check if categories are consistent with what is specified in the coding manual. - For quantitative data, check the minimum and maximum if they are logical given the possible values of variable.
what to check when editing data
45