Nature Of Disease (Q2,P2, Ch.2)

Question 1

Disease

Answer 1

• Absence of health,
• response of a living body to any form of injury
• changes from normal manifested by signs or symptoms
• Changes demonstrated by laboratory and radiographic findings

Question 2

Organic Disease

Answer 2

• diseases accompanied by specific anatomical changes
• diseases marked by some quantitive changes
  (examples: red spots of measles, fever, high blood pressure)

Question 3

Functional Disease

Answer 3

• No readily apparent anatomical problems
• may be biochemical or genetic disease
  (Examples: phobias, schizophrenia)

Question 4

Infectious Disease

Answer 4

• disease caused by a living pathogen
• can be transmitted from one person to another

Question 5

Deficiency Disease

Answer 5

• Disease caused by the lack of some essential element
• Any essential element is one that the body cannot manufacture/must come from diet
  (examples: vitamin deficiency)

Question 6

Hereditary Disease

Answer 6

• any disease transmitted from parent to offspring
• All genetic diseases are hereditary; but not all hereditary diseases are genetic
  (examples: infection transmitted from mother to child)

Question 7

Diagnosis

Answer 7

Determination of what disease exists

Question 8

Prognosis

Answer 8

Prediction of the outcome of a disease

Question 9

Pathogenesis

Answer 9

• The progression of a disease from its cause to its outcome; The course a disease takes
• the origination and development of a disease

Question 10

Complication

Answer 10

Any unfavorable condition arising during the course of a disease
(examples: heart attack after a stroke)

Question 11

Sign

Answer 11

• an objective manifestation of a disease
• anything that can be measured
  (examples: fever, high blood pressure)

Question 12

Symptom

Answer 12

• subjective manifestation of a disease
• Can’t be measured or quantified
  (examples: my head hurts (head pain can’t be quantified))

Question 13

Febrile Disease

Answer 13

-Any disease characterized by a fever
- body temperature above 98.6°F.

Question 14

Congenital disease

Answer 14

• Disease present at or before birth
  (examples: down syndrome)

Question 15

Acquired disease

Answer 15

• Disease that develops after birth/present after birth

Question 16

Acute Disease

Answer 16

• Disease with a rapid onset and short duration

(rapid and short are relative terms)
(examples: heart attack, strikes suddenly and may end quickly)

Question 17

Chronic Disease

Answer 17

• Disease with a gradual onset and long duration
• Gradual may be decades
• Disease usually progresses

Question 18

Fulminating Disease

Answer 18

• An acute disease that results in death
• Characterized by a rapid and severe onset
  (example: heart attack)

Question 19

Remission

Answer 19

• Temporary succession, or disappearance of signs and symptoms
• signs and symptoms usually return
• Term often used when discussing cancers

Question 20

Recurrent Disease

Answer 20

• A disease which reoccurs after a period of remission

Question 21

Exacerbation

Answer 21

Worsening of the signs and symptoms of a disease

Question 22

Communicable/Contagious Disease

Answer 22

A disease which can be transmitted from one person to another

Question 23

Prevalence

Answer 23

• the number of cases of a disease present in a given community at one time

Ex. 500 people got step during August 2023

Question 24

Endemic disease

Answer 24

A disease which exists in a given community all the time
(example: the cold)

Question 25

Epidemic Disease

Answer 25

• A disease that affects many members of a given community at the same time
• Usually an infectious disease easily communicable
  (Example: flu epidemic)

Question 26

Pandemic Disease

Answer 26

• Disease that affects a very large number of the world population
  (Example: COVID-19)

Question 27

Sporadic Disease

Answer 27

A disease that only affects a small number of people in a given community

Question 28

Idiopathic Disease

Answer 28

A disease with an unknown cause

Question 29

Iatrogenic Disease

Answer 29

Disease caused by an approved medical treatment or procedure administered by a physician

(Ex. Partial blindness caused my LASIK eye surgery)

Question 30

Nosocomial Disease

Answer 30

A disease that begins and develops as a result of hospitalization
(example: methicillin resistant staph, aureus infection from the hospital)

Question 31

Syndrome

Answer 31

A group of signs and symptoms that occur together
(Example: Down’s syndrome)

Question 32

Morbidity

Answer 32

• The study of the rate of occurrence of a disease
• The population is usually an entire country
  (example: how many people in a given population develop a disease)

Question 33

Morbidity Rate

Answer 33

Number of cases of a disease in a given population

Question 34

Mortality

Answer 34

The study of the number of deaths associated with a particular disease
(example: heart disease is the leading cause of death in the USA)

Question 35

Mortality Rate

Answer 35

The number of deaths in a given community caused by a particular disease

Question 36

Predisposing factors/conditions

Answer 36

• Conditions or factors, which make it more likely for one to develop a disease
• Not a cause of disease
  (examples: age, gender, race, occupation, Socio economic conditions, heredity)

Question 37

Occupational Disease

Answer 37

Disease that is associated with a particular occupation, profession or job

Question 38

Immediate/exciting cause of disease

Answer 38

• the thing that is responsible for causing a disease
• That which is directly associated with causing changes in morphology or physiology of the human body

(Rhinovirus infection is the immediate cause of the cold)

Question 39

Examples of Trauma

Answer 39

Various kinds of trauma are directly related to cause any changes in the human body
(examples: vehicular accidents, gunshot wounds, chemical or physical agents, genetics, allergens, pathogens, deficiency diseases)

Question 40

Intoxication

Answer 40

State or condition of being poisoned

Question 41

Infestation

Answer 41

Harboring of animal, parasites/macroscopic organisms
(example: ticks)

Question 42

Allergy

Answer 42

Hypersensitivity to a substance that is generally not harmful