Nature Vs Nurture (2)

Question 1

Nature

Answer 1

Nativist

Question 2

Nurture

Answer 2

Empiricist

Question 3

Genotypes

Answer 3

Individuals inherited genetic makeup

Question 4

Phenotypes

Answer 4

Individuals observable characteristics, traits and behaviours

Question 5

Genotypes…*

Answer 5

React to environmental factors differently to create that individuals phenotype

Question 6

*differential susceptibility

Answer 6

Varying sensitivity to environmental influences

Question 7

3 ways to test for nature/nurture interactions

Answer 7

• twin studies
• family studies
• adoption studies
• cross fostering with non-human animals

Question 8

Vocal learning

Answer 8

Learn by listening and imitating (8 groups of animals use this) - necessary for human language

Question 9

Spectrogram*

Answer 9

A visual representation of sound

Question 10

How do male finches vocal learn?

Answer 10

Listening to male tutor
Memorising
Practising

Question 11

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 11

Rare genetic mutation where body can’t break down phenylalanine (an amino acid found in some foods)

The build up disturbs brain development leading to severe learning difficulties

Detected after birth and if foods are avoided, no neg effect

[example of genotype reacting to env factors to affect phenotype]

Question 12

Examples of how genes can affect our environment

Answer 12

Appearance, personality trait, atypical behaviour

Question 13

Similar activation in songbirds and humans that are not seen in other animals

Answer 13

Activation of 50-70 genes - help to build the circuit that allows humans and birds to learn language

Question 14

Measuring activity of birds when listening to songs of different kinds of finches

Answer 14

Electrode wires can be placed in the brains of finches to measure neuron activity in the listening parts of the brain