Social Development In Adolescence (8)**

Question 1

3 aspects of social development in adolescence**

Answer 1

Growth - expanding experiences and social/personal domains
Differentiation - differences between individuals become greater
Synthesis - of the newness into a coherent approach of the world

Question 2

Key goals of adolescence

Answer 2

Be autonomous and emotionally regulated
Have a sense of identity
Be able to form close relationships with peers

Question 3

Key domains of social development in adolescence *** THEORIES

Answer 3

1. Social environment (Lewin)
2. Puberty (Freud)
3. Family (Blos)
4. Peer group (sullivan)
5. Self (Erikson)
6. Storm and Stress (Hall)

Question 4

Storm and stress (Hall)

Answer 4

Animal like dispositions -> higher order functioning

Mediated in biology and maturation
Adolescence = second birth

Oscillation between excitement, self confidence and selfishness

Question 5

Social environment (Lewin)

Answer 5

Life space = the interaction between the individual and the environment (across both space and time) = all factors that influence the individuals behaviour at any given time

Life space is divided into life space regions…

Question 6

Life space regions [Lewin] *

Answer 6

Home
Family
Morality
School friends
Sport team*

Conflict arises when different goals compete / when a goal carries positive and negative valence

Question 7

Puberty (Anna Freud)

Answer 7

Ego - part of psyche that guides action, deals with the external world and competing urges

Biology becomes psychology through socialisation

Puberty is a time of psychological upheaval - libidinal forces invade ego
Temporary breakdown in ego

The ego MUST mature

Question 8

Family (Blos)

Answer 8

Psychoanalytic

Adolescence is separation-individualisation

Question 9

Steinberg and Silverberg - stages of autonomy** (Blos)

Answer 9

Individuation (more aware of who they are + responsibility)
Deidealise parents
Feel less dependent on parents

Question 10

Baumrind parenting style grid ***

Answer 10

Parental responsiveness
Parental demandingness

Question 11

Baumrind parenting style dimensions***

Answer 11

Demanding

                      Authoritarian.                 Authoritative reciprocal.      

Responsive. Not responsive

                        Negligent.                          Indulgent

                                      Low expectations

Question 12

Peer group (Sullivan)

Answer 12

Interpersonal needs stimulate psychological growth

Each need has a key social relationship (age appropriate)

Question 13

Sullivan’s interpersonal needs**

Answer 13

Infancy 0-2 years = tenderness
Childhood 2-6 years = companionship
Juvenile 6-9 years = acceptance*
Preadolescence* 9-12 years = friendship intimacy
Early adolescence; late adolescence = romantic intimacy
Adulthood = love relationship

Question 14

Romantic development (Brown) - 4 phases **

Answer 14

Initiation phase - self expansion
Status phase - reputation
Affection phase - focus now on relationship itself
Bonding phase - plans for the future, commitment

Question 15

Development of identity / self (Erikson)*

Answer 15

Epigenetic principle - ego develops according to this

Emphasis on social and environmental factors rather than Freud’s basic biological factors

Individual struggles with a sense of identity when transitioning into adulthood - personal and interpersonal experimentation to find this

Period of MORATORIUM = a normal part of psychosocial development during which the individual is searching for a stable identity
If not achieved leads to delinquency

Question 16

Delinquency (Erikson) risk factors
Minor crime, especially that convicted of young people

Answer 16

Poor school performance
Substance abuse
Low verbal IQ
Low self esteem and impulsivity

Question 17

What did Ryan and Lynch suggest about adolescents who have close relationships with their parents

Answer 17

Higher psychological adjustment

Question 18

What did Brown suggest romantic development is integral to

Answer 18

Identity formatiom