NAV - Instrument Approach Procedures Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the definition of a precision approach? (1)
An instrument approach and landing using precision lateral and vertical guidance with minima as determined by the category of operation
What is the definition of a non-precision approach? (1)
An instrument approach and landing which utilises lateral guidance but does not utilise vertical guidance
What types of instrument approach are precision? (4)
- ILS
- MLS
- RNP
- PAR
What types of instrument approach are non-precision? (6)
- VOR
- NDB
- Localiser Only
- GNSS
- SRA
- VDF
A high proportion of CFIT accidents have been shown to occur during non-precision approaches. True or False?
True
(CFIT - Controlled Flight Into Terrain)
What are the 5 segments of an IAP? (5)
- Arrival - STAR
- Initial - IAF
- Intermediate - IF
- Final - FAF / FAP
- Missed - MAPt
What are the symbols for an IAP Chart? (5)
What procedures may be given if there is no suitable IF or IAF? (3)
- Reversal procedure
- Racetrack procedure
- Holding pattern
What are the conditions for a Procedure Turns? (3)
- Entry restricted to a specific direction or sector
- Remains within airspace provided
- Requires strict adherence to directions and timings
Procedure Turn examples
Base Turn & Racetrack examples
What Obstacle clearance is given during the Intermediate Approach stage? (1)
Obstacle clearance reduces from 1000ft to 500ft
What is the lowest point on an IAP? (1)
MDA/MDH
(minimum descent Altitude/Height)
What phases are there on Missed Approach segment? (3)
- Initial - Mapt to start of climb (SOC)
- Intermediate - SOC to 150ft Obstacle clearance
- Final - 150ft Obs clear. To point where new approach, hold or enroute begins
What should a Missed approach have? (5)
- Missed approach kept simple
- Each IAP has a published missed approach procedure
- If the required visual reference is not established at the MAPt, INITIATE A MISSED APPROACH at once
- One MAPt for each IAP
- If missed approach initiated prior to the MAPt, comply with the MA Procedure to remain sector safe
What is OCA/H? (1)
OCA/H - Obstacle Clearance Altitude / Height
The MDA/H may be lower than the system minimum for the type of approach. True or False?
False
The MDA/H is the lowest you can descend before initiating a missed approach
What factors affect Operational Minima? (2)
- Precision Approaches:
DA or DH - Non-precision Approaches:
MDA or MDH
What is VM(C) in the vicinity of ADs? (2)
VM(C) - Visual manoeuvring (Circling)
Is the term used to describe the visual phase of flight, after completing an Instrument Approach, where an aircraft is manoeuvred into position for a landing on a runway which is not suitably located for a straight-in approach
What factors will allow VM(C)? (2)
- Where obstacle clearance has been considered for aircraft manoeuvring visually before landing
- Determined by drawing arcs centred on each runway threshold and joining these arcs with tangent lines
What dimension criteria is there for VM(C)? (4)
- A/C category
- Speed for each category
- Wind speed: 25kts throughout turn
- Bank angle: 20° avg’ or 3° p/s (whichever is less)
What are the aircraft approach category speeds? (5)
- Cat A - <91 kts IAS
- Cat B - 91-120 kts IAS
- Cat C - 121-140 kts IAS
- Cat D - 141-165 kts IAS
- Cat E - 166-210 kts IAS
What is VaT? (2)
VaT - Velocity at Threshold
1.3x the stalling speed in the Landing configuration at maximum certificated landing MASS
What is OCH? (3)
OCH - Obstacle Clearance Height
- The lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or above the aerodrome elevation as applicable used in establishing compliance with the appropriate obstacle clearance criteria
- When VM(C) area established, OCH is determined for each aircraft Category
