NAV - Positioning

Question 1

The process of Navigation is… (3)

Answer 1

1. Planning
2. Recording
3. Controlling

…the movement of a craft from one place to another

Question 2

Directions on The Earth are made from an origin/datum called… (1)

Answer 2

The Prime Meridian

Question 3

What is a Graticule? (3)

Answer 3

• Lines of Longitude & Latitude
• 1° of Longitude at Equator is 60nm
• 1° of Longitude at 60° Latitude is 30nm

Question 4

What is latitude? (1)

Answer 4

The angular distance from the equator to a point measured northwards or southwards along the meridian through that point

Question 5

How are Parallels of Latitude expressed? (1)

Answer 5

• In degrees north or south of the equator
• Up to a maximum of 90°

Question 6

What is Longitude? (2)

Answer 6

• The vertical lines on the Earth
• Is the shorter angular distance along the equator between the prime meridian and the meridian through that point

Question 7

How are Lines of Longitude expressed? (1)

Answer 7

In degrees east or west of a reference known as the Prime Meridian up to a maximum of 180°.

Question 8

Position reporting from a VOR/DME station diagram

Answer 8

Question 9

ICAO Code structure…

Answer 9

1. Continent
2. Country
3. Area
4. Airport

Question 10

What are the common scales on an Ordnance Survey Map? (2)

Answer 10

1. 1:25,000 (popular with walkers)
2. 1:50,000 (used by the emergency services)

Question 11

Central Meridian Of Chart (2°W) diagram

Answer 11

Question 12

National Grid diagram

Answer 12

Question 13

What are the OS references on the National Grid? (4)

Answer 13

• 4 figure (accurate to 1000 meters)
• 6 figure (accurate to 100 meters)
• 8 figure (accurate to 10 meter)
• 10 figure (accurate to 1 meter) used by GPS

Eastings 1st, Northings 2nd… “along the passage and up the stairs”

Question 14

The position on the ground directly beneath the aircraft at a given time is a… (2)

Answer 14

Ground Position

Determined by:

1. Pinpoint
2. Fix

Question 15

What is a ground position of an A/C based on? (1)

Answer 15

A calculation of a DR (Dead reckoning) Position

Question 16

2 types of North vs Ground Position diagram

Answer 16

Question 17

What is a Position Line? (1)

Answer 17

A line drawn on a chart along which an aircraft is known to have been at a certain time

Question 17

The True Bearing of an object can be calculated if: (2)

Answer 17

The Relative Bearing is known
The aircraft’s heading is known

Question 18

What equipment is Bearing provided by? (3)

Answer 18

• VDF - VHF Direction Finding
• VOR - VHF Omni-Directional Radio Range
• ADF - Automatic Direction Finding

Question 19

What equipment is Range provided by? (1)

Answer 19

DME - Distance Measuring Equipment

Question 20

Position Lines obtained from radio aids are called… (1)

Answer 20

Radio Position Lines

Question 21

What is a Fix? (1)

Answer 21

The intersection of two or more position lines obtained simultaneously will provide the ground position of the aircraft

Question 22

What is the World Geodetic System called? (4)

Answer 22

• WGS84
• Relates a position above the centre of the earth, rather than in relation to the surface
• Current reference system used by GPS
• Globally consistent within ±1 m