Nazis in the wilderness (1924-29) Flashcards

1
Q

What did Hitler write whilst in jail after the Munich Putsch?

A

Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

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2
Q

What key change did Hitler make during his time in jail?

A

He decided the Nazis needed to take power democratically - not violently

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3
Q

The Nazis fought their first election in May 1924. How many seats did they win?

A

32 seats

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4
Q

How many seats did the Nazis win in 1928?

A

12 seats

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5
Q

How many seats did the Nazis win in July 1932?

A

230 seats

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6
Q

How many seats did the Nazis win in November 1932?

A

196 seats

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7
Q

After the Nazis won 32 seats in the May 1924 elections, what did Hitler establish?

A

Local networks of Nazis such as The Hitler Youth and the Nazi Students’ League

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8
Q

Which key event allowed the Nazis to dramatically increase the number of seats they had in the Reichstag?

A

The Great Depression

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9
Q

What happened to the Nazis’ vote share at the end of 1932?

A

It began to decline (230 seats down to 196 seats)

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10
Q

Which other extremist party also gained during the Great Depression?

A

The Communist Party

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11
Q

Between 1924-28, the Nazis were appealing to workers, but in 1928 their poor election showing convinced them they needed to look elsewhere. Which groups did they target?

A
  • peasant farmers in northern Germany
  • middle-class shopkeepers
  • small business people in rural towns
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12
Q

Who did not - despite the Nazis’ name - generally support the Nazis?

A

Workers. They mostly supported the Social Democratic Party (SPD) or, sometimes, the Communists

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13
Q

Roughly what percentage of Germany’s population lived in rural areas?

A

35%

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14
Q

What contrast did the Nazis emphasise between the cities and rural areas?

A
  • They depicted cities as decadent, immoral and crime-ridden (and blamed the Jews for this)
  • They depicted rural areas as being morally pure - where ‘true Germans’ (Aryans) could live a simple and honest life
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15
Q

What did the Nazis promise rural peasants?

A

To help agriculture if they came to power

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16
Q

What did Hitler enlarge in 1925?

A

The SA (Brownshirts)

17
Q

When did Hitler enlarge the SA?

A

In 1925

18
Q

What percentage of the SA came from the unemployed?

A

About 55%

19
Q

What were many SA members?

A

Ex-servicemen who had fought in the war

20
Q

What did Hitler also establish in 1925?

A

The SS - Hitler’s elite, personal bodyguard who were fanatically loyal to Hitler

21
Q

Who did Hitler put in charge of Nazi propaganda?

A

Joseph Goebbels

22
Q

What did Goebbels believe about appealing to ‘the masses’?

A

That it was more effective to appeal to people’s emotions (as opposed to their reason)

23
Q

What forms of propaganda did the Nazis use?

A
  • posters
  • leaflets
  • films
  • radio broadcasts
  • rallies
24
Q

Why was there no electoral breakthrough in 1928, despite all the hard work of the Nazis to change their strategy?

A

Germany was prospering under Stresemann. Few Germans were interested in extreme parties.

25
Q

How many members did the Nazis have by 1928?

A

100,000

26
Q

Was state was the Nazi Party in by 1929?

A

Although they had relatively little support, they were highly organised around a charismatic and emotive speaker - Hitler.
They were well-positioned to seize the opportunity presented to them by the Wall St. Crash and Great Depression

27
Q

What did American journalist William Shirer say about Nazism in 1928?

A

“Nazism appears to be a dying cause…One scarcely hears of Hitler except as the butt of jokes.”