NCD Flashcards
(40 cards)
Diseases that are not spread through infection or from person to person.
Usually caused by unhealthy behaviors.
Leading cause of death worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Develop slowly, may not show symptoms at first, and affect multiple organs.
NCD
4 MAJOR NCD
- CVD
- DIABETES MELLITUS
- CANCER
- CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
NCDs are largely caused by four major behavioral risk factors:
- TOBACCO USE
- UNHEALTHY DIET
- LACK OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
- ALCOHOL USE
Public health nurses help prevent and manage NCDs by:
Health Education – Teaching the community about disease prevention and healthy habits.
Developing Programs – Creating community interventions to reduce NCD risk factors.
Supervising Health Campaigns – Organizing health screenings, vaccination programs, and lifestyle interventions.
Advancing Public Health – Using their knowledge to support policy changes and improve healthcare services.
Teaching the community about disease prevention and healthy habits.
HEALTH EDUCATION
Creating community interventions to reduce NCD risk factors.
DEVELOPING PROGRAMS
is an illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins, which can be transmitted directly or indirectly to a well person.
CD
NOT easily transmitted from person to person; require inoculation (e.g., tetanus, malaria, dengue, rabies, filariasis).
INFECTIOUS D
Organizing health screenings, vaccination programs, and lifestyle interventions.
SUPERVISING HEALTH CAMPAIGNS
Using their knowledge to support policy changes and improve healthcare services.
ADVANCING PUBLIC HEALTH
2 TYPES OF CD
INFECTIOUS D
CONTAGIOUS D
COMMON ENDEMIC
MALARIA, FILARIASIS, Schistosomiasis
entrance of microorganisms through bites, punctures, open wounds.
INOCULATION
The study of disease patterns, occurrence, distribution, and control.
Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases
Easily spread through droplet, direct, or indirect contact (e.g., tuberculosis, diphtheria, measles, chickenpox, meningococcemia).
CONTAGIOUS D
Occasional cases, 20% susceptible, 80% immune.
SPORADIC
Constantly present in a locality, 50% immune, 50% susceptible.
ENDEMIC
Cases exceed the normal rate in a short period; 80% susceptible, 20% immune.
EPIDEMIC
Worldwide epidemic (e.g., AIDS, SARS, Bird Flu).
PANDEMIC
Triad of Disease Causation (Epidemiologic Triad by Leavell & Clark)
AGENT
ENVIRONMENT
HOST
Medium for agent survival & multiplication.
ENVIRONMENT
(Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites)
AGENT
Strength to cause disease (shorter incubation = more virulent).
VIRULENCE
Ability to enter the body and spread.
INFECTIVITY
