neck 1/2

Question 1

list the regions of vulnerability for the neck

Answer 1

1. transitional area between the base of the cranium and the clavicles
   
   1. joins the head with the trunk and upper limbs
2. region of vulnerability
   
   1. carotid arteries and jugular veins
      
      1. main blood vessels of head and neck
   2. cervical spinal cord
   3. brachial plexuses of nerve (roots, trunks, divisions) origin in neck and supply upper limbs
   4. larynx and trachea
   5. esophagus
   6. thyroid and parathyroid glands: submandibular glands

Question 2

regions of vulnerability, what is missing?

1. carotid arteries and jugular veins
   
   1. main blood vessels of head and neck
2. cervical spinal cord
3. brachial plexuses of nerve (roots, trunks, divisions) origin in neck and supply upper limbs

Answer 2

1. transitional area between the base of the cranium and the clavicles
   
   1. joins the head with the trunk and upper limbs
2. region of vulnerability
   
   1. carotid arteries and jugular veins
      
      1. main blood vessels of head and neck
   2. cervical spinal cord
   3. brachial plexuses of nerve (roots, trunks, divisions) origin in neck and supply upper limbs
   4. larynx and trachea
   5. esophagus
   6. thyroid and parathyroid glands: submandibular glands

Question 3

regions of vulnerability for the neck, what is missing?

1. larynx and trachea
2. esophagus
3. thyroid and parathyroid glands: submandibular glands

Answer 3

1. transitional area between the base of the cranium and the clavicles
   
   1. joins the head with the trunk and upper limbs
2. region of vulnerability
   
   1. carotid arteries and jugular veins
      
      1. main blood vessels of head and neck
   2. cervical spinal cord
   3. brachial plexuses of nerve (roots, trunks, divisions) origin in neck and supply upper limbs
   4. larynx and trachea
   5. esophagus
   6. thyroid and parathyroid glands: submandibular glands

Question 4

what are the palpable bones of the neck?

Answer 4

bones and cartilages ofthe neck

1. deeper structures of the neck may be located in reference to palpable bones and cartilages
2. bones include the 7 cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, manubrium of sternum and clavicles
3. cartilages includes the thyroid, cricoid and tracheal cartilages and other non palpable cartlages

Question 5

what are the palpable cartilages of the neck?

Answer 5

bones and cartilages ofthe neck

1. deeper structures of the neck may be located in reference to palpable bones and cartilages
2. bones include the 7 cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, manubrium of sternum and clavicles
3. cartilages includes the thyroid, cricoid and tracheal cartilages and other non palpable cartlages

Question 6

near C3 with the angle of the neck. what makes up the structure of this item?

Answer 6

hyoid bone

1. location
   
   1. angle of the neck
   2. near C3
2. contents
   
   1. comprises of
      
      1. body
      2. greate horn
      3. lesser horn
3. fnotes
   
   1. fractured if manually strangled by compression of throat
   2. bound to thyroid cartilage by a THYROHYOIDmembran
   3. suspended by extrinsic muscle of the larynx
   4. some mucles of the tongue an pharynx

Question 7

what is the hyoid bone bound by and suspended by?

Answer 7

hyoid bone

1. location
   
   1. angle of the neck
   2. near C3
2. contents
   
   1. comprises of
      
      1. body
      2. greate horn
      3. lesser horn
3. fnotes
   
   1. fractured if manually strangled by compression of throat
   2. bound to thyroid cartilage by a THYROHYOIDmembran
   3. suspended by extrinsic muscle of the larynx
   4. some mucles of the tongue an pharynx

Question 8

strangulation of the throat is identified by?

Answer 8

hyoid bone

1. location
   
   1. angle of the neck
   2. near C3
2. contents
   
   1. comprises of
      
      1. body
      2. greate horn
      3. lesser horn
3. fnotes
   
   1. fractured if manually strangled by compression of throat
   2. bound to thyroid cartilage by a THYROHYOIDmembran
   3. suspended by extrinsic muscle of the larynx
   4. some mucles of the tongue an pharynx

Question 9

what does the superficial fascia of the neck contain?

Answer 9

1. superficial fascia
   
   1. subcutaneous connective tissue that contains the platysma
2. deepfascia
   
   1. forms a series of cylindrical comparment

Question 10

forms a series of cylindrical compartment around the neck

Answer 10

1. superficial fascia
   
   1. subcutaneous connective tissue that contains the platysma
2. deepfascia
   
   1. forms a series of cylindrical comparment

Question 11

muscle of facial expression. innervation?

Answer 11

platysma

1. muscle of facial expression
2. innervated
   
   1. facial nerve CN7
3. crosses the anterior and lateral regions of the neck

Question 12

facial nerve goes to which muscle in the neck? What does it cross?

Answer 12

platysma

1. muscle of facial expression
2. innervated
   
   1. facial nerve CN7
3. crosses the anterior and lateral regions of the neck

Question 13

investing layer of deep fascia contains what items?

Answer 13

deep fascia

1. investing layer
   
   1. surrounds the neck
   2. encloses the following muscles
      
      1. sternocleidomastoid
      2. trapezius
      3. strap muscles (infrhyoid)
2. prevertebral fascia
   
   1. encloses
      
      1. vertebral column
      2. spinal cord
      3. roots of brachial plexus
      4. associted muscles of vertebral compartment
3. pretracheal fascia
   
   1. enclose the following of the visceral compartment
      
      1. thyroid gland
      2. esophagus
      3. larynx
      4. trachea of visceral compartment
4. bilateral carotid sheaths
   
   1. enclose the following ofthe vascular compartment
      
      1. carotid arteries
      2. jugular veins

Question 14

prevertebral fascia of the the deep fascia contain what items?

Answer 14

deep fascia

1. investinglayer
   
   1. surrounds hte neck
   2. encloses the following muscles
      
      1. sternocleidomastoid
      2. trapezius
      3. strap muscles (infrhyoid)
2. prevertebral fascia
   
   1. encloses
      
      1. vertebral column
      2. spinal cord
      3. roots of brachial plexus
      4. associted muscles of vertebral compartment
3. pretracheal fascia
   
   1. enclose the following of the visceral compartment
      
      1. thyroid gland
      2. esophagus
      3. larynx
      4. trachea of visceral compartment
4. bilateral carotid sheaths
   
   1. enclose the following ofthe vascular compartment
      
      1. carotid arteries
      2. jugular veins

Question 15

the bilateral carotid sheath contain what items?

Answer 15

deep fascia

1. investinglayer
   
   1. surrounds hte neck
   2. encloses the following muscles
      
      1. sternocleidomastoid
      2. trapezius
      3. strap muscles (infrhyoid)
2. prevertebral fascia
   
   1. encloses
      
      1. vertebral column
      2. spinal cord
      3. roots of brachial plexus
      4. associted muscles of vertebral compartment
3. pretracheal fascia
   
   1. enclose the following of the visceral compartment
      
      1. thyroid gland
      2. esophagus
      3. larynx
      4. trachea of visceral compartment
4. bilateral carotid sheaths
   
   1. enclose the following ofthe vascular compartment
      
      1. carotid arteries
      2. jugular veins

Question 16

infection can spread inferiorly into thoracic cavity anterior to pericardium

Answer 16

fascial compartments

1. fascial (potential) spaces
   
   1. important to provide a conduit for the spread of infecttion, fluid, gas and tumors. Two spaces
      
      1. pretracheal space
         
         1. infection can spread inferiorly into thoracic cavity anterior to pericardium
      2. retropharyngeal space
         
         1. infection can form a bulge in pharynx affecting swalloing and speaking
         2. can spread infeiorly to posterior mediastinum

Question 17

infection in this space can form a bulge in pharynx affecting swallowing and speaking

Answer 17

fascial compartments

1. fascial (potential) spaces
   
   1. important to provide a conduit for the spread of infecttion, fluid, gas and tumors. Two spaces
      
      1. pretracheal space
         
         1. infection can spread inferiorly into thoracic cavity anterior to pericardium
      2. retropharyngeal space
         
         1. infection can form a bulge in pharynx affecting swalloing and speaking
         2. can spread infeiorly to posterior mediastinum

Question 18

what aret he potential spacies in the neck and why are they clinically relevant?

Answer 18

fascial compartments

1. fascial (potential) spaces
   
   1. important to provide a conduit for the spread of infecttion, fluid, gas and tumors. Two spaces
      
      1. pretracheal space
         
         1. infection can spread inferiorly into thoracic cavity anterior to pericardium
      2. retropharyngeal space
         
         1. infection can form a bulge in pharynx affecting swalloing and speaking
         2. can spread infeiorly to posterior mediastinum

Question 19

list the extrinsic back muslces of the vertebral compartment

Answer 19

muscles of the vertebral compartment

1. extrinsic back muscles
   
   1. levator scapulae
   2. rhomboid minor
2. intrinsic back muscles
   
   1. splenius
   2. ererctor spinae
   3. semispinalis
   4. muscles of suboccipital triangle
3. prevertebral muscles
   
   1. longus colli
   2. longus capitis
   3. rectus capitis anterior
   4. rectus capits lateralis
   5. middle scalene
   6. posterior scalene

Question 20

list the intrinsic back muscles of the vertebral compartment

Answer 20

muscles of the vertebral compartment

1. extrinsic back muscles
   
   1. levator scapulae
   2. rhomboid minor
2. intrinsic back muscles
   
   1. splenius
   2. ererctor spinae
   3. semispinalis
   4. muscles of suboccipital triangle
3. prevertebral muscles
   
   1. longus colli
   2. longus capitis
   3. rectus capitis anterior
   4. rectus capits lateralis
   5. middle scalene
   6. posterior scalene

Question 21

list the prevertebral muscle of the vertebral column

Answer 21

muscles of the vertebral compartment

1. extrinsic back muscles
   
   1. levator scapulae
   2. rhomboid minor
2. intrinsic back muscles
   
   1. splenius
   2. ererctor spinae
   3. semispinalis
   4. muscles of suboccipital triangle
3. prevertebral muscles
   
   1. longus colli
   2. longus capitis
   3. rectus capitis anterior
   4. rectus capits lateralis
   5. middle scalene
   6. posterior scalene

Question 22

of the prevertebral muscle which assist with flexing the head?

Answer 22

prevertebvral muslces

1. flex head
   
   1. rectus capitis anterior
   2. rectus capitis lateralis
   3. longus capitis
   4. anterior scalene
2. flex neck with rotation on opposite side if aciting unilaterally
   
   1. longus colli
3. flex neck and elevate first or second rib during forced inspiration
   
   1. middle scalene
   2. posterior scalene

Question 23

of the prevertebral muscles which felx the neck with rotation on opposite side if acting unilaterally?

Answer 23

prevertebvral muslces

1. flex head
   
   1. rectus capitis anterior
   2. rectus capitis lateralis
   3. longus capitis
   4. anterior scalene
2. flex neck with rotation on opposite side if aciting unilaterally
   
   1. longus colli
3. flex neck and elevate first or second rib during forced inspiration
   
   1. middle scalene
   2. posterior scalene

Question 24

of the prevertebra lmuslces, whic flex neck and elevate first or second rub during forced inspiration?

Answer 24

prevertebvral muslces

1. flex head
   
   1. rectus capitis anterior
   2. rectus capitis lateralis
   3. longus capitis
   4. anterior scalene
2. flex neck with rotation on opposite side if aciting unilaterally
   
   1. longus colli
3. flex neck and elevate first or second rib during forced inspiration
   
   1. middle scalene
   2. posterior scalene

Question 25

describe theneck division in the cervical regions

Answer 25

the neck is divided in cervical regions 1. ***_posterior cervical region-B_*** 1. covered by 1. trapezius 2. superficial to suboccipital region 2. ***_latteral cervical region-C_*** 1. posterior triangle 3. ***_anterior cervical region-D_*** 1. anterior triangle 4. ***_sternocleidomastoid region-A_*** 1. dividing line between anterior triangle and posterior tirangle of the neck

Question 26

This cervical region is covered by trapezius superficial to\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_region

Answer 26

the neck is divided in cervical regions 1. ***_posterior cervical region-B_*** 1. ***_covered by_*** 1. ***_trapezius_*** 2. ***_superficial to suboccipital region_*** 2. latteral cervical region-C 1. posterior triangle 3. anterior cervical region-D 1. anterior triangle 4. sternocleidomastoid region-A 1. dividing line between anterior triangle and posterior tirangle of the neck

Question 27

list the posterior and tanterior trangles of the cervical regions

Answer 27

the neck is divided in cervical regions 1. posterior cervical region-B 1. covered by 1. trapezius 2. superficial to suboccipital region 2. ***_latteral cervical region-C_*** 1. ***_posterior triangle_*** 3. ***_anterior cervical region-D_*** 1. ***_anterior triangle_*** 4. sternocleidomastoid region-A 1. dividing line between anterior triangle and posterior tirangle of the neck

Question 28

this muscle acts as the dividing line between the anterior triangle and posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 28

the neck is divided in cervical regions 1. posterior cervical region-B 1. covered by 1. trapezius 2. superficial to suboccipital region 2. latteral cervical region-C 1. posterior triangle 3. anterior cervical region-D 1. anterior triangle 4. ***_sternocleidomastoid region-A_*** 1. ***_dividing line between anterior triangle and posterior tirangle of the neck_***

Question 29

principal muscular landmark in the superficial neck. What is it innervation?

Answer 29

***_sternocleidomasteoid_*** 1. ***_landmark_*** 1. ***_the principal muscular landmark in thte superficial neck_*** 2. ***_innervation_*** 1. ***_spinal accessory nerve CN9_*** 2. ***_contains proprioceptive fibers from the anterior ramus of C2_*** 3. movements 1. unilaterally-laterally 1. Flex the neck ipsilaterally, while rotating tthe face towards the contalateral side 2. bilaterally - two movements, other muscles are not included 1. neck extension- draw the head forward and chin upward 2. flexes cervical vertebrae 4. disease 1. toticolli 1. due to either a congenital shortening or spasmodic contraction of the SCM. 2. pretty much the muscle is shorter on one side compared to the other side

Question 30

contain proprioceptive fibers fro mthe anterior ramus of C2. describe the unilaterall flexion of this muscle

Answer 30

***_sternocleidomasteoid_*** 1. landmark 1. the principal muscular landmark in thte **_superficial neck_** 2. innervation 1. spinal accessory nerve CN9 2. ***_contains proprioceptive fibers from the anterior ramus of C2_*** 3. ***_movements_*** 1. ***_unilaterally-laterally_*** 1. ***_Flex the neck ipsilaterally, while rotating tthe face towards the contalateral side_*** 2. bilaterally - two movements, other muscles are not included 1. neck extension- draw the head forward and chin upward 2. flexes cervical vertebrae 4. disease 1. toticolli 1. due to either a congenital shortening or spasmodic contraction of the SCM. 2. pretty much the muscle is shorter on one side compared to the other side

Question 31

unilareral flexion of this muscle -\> rotataing the face toward the contralateral side. What does bilateral contraction lead to?

Answer 31

sternocleidomasteoid 1. landmark 1. the principal muscular landmark in thte **_superficial neck_** 2. innervation 1. spinal accessory nerve CN9 2. contains proprioceptive fibers from the anterior ramus of C2 3. ***_movements_*** 1. ***_unilaterally-laterally_*** 1. ***_Flex the neck ipsilaterally, while rotating tthe face towards the contalateral side_*** 2. ***_bilaterally - two movements, other muscles are not included_*** 1. ***_neck extension- draw the head forward and chin upward_*** 2. ***_flexes cervical vertebrae_*** 4. disease 1. toticolli 1. due to either a congenital shortening or spasmodic contraction of the SCM. 2. pretty much the muscle is shorter on one side compared to the other side

Question 32

Describe the involved componenents of the a child born with its head pulled in one direction due to a muscle in the neck

Answer 32

sternocleidomasteoid 1. landmark 1. the principal muscular landmark in thte **_superficial neck_** 2. innervation 1. spinal accessory nerve CN9 2. contains proprioceptive fibers from the anterior ramus of C2 3. movements 1. unilaterally-laterally 1. Flex the neck ipsilaterally, while rotating tthe face towards the contalateral side 2. bilaterally - two movements, other muscles are not included 1. neck extension- draw the head forward and chin upward 2. flexes cervical vertebrae 4. ***_disease_*** 1. ***_toticolli_*** 1. ***_due to either a congenital shortening or spasmodic contraction of the SCM._*** 2. ***_pretty much the muscle is shorter on one side compared to the other side_***

Question 33

what forms theexternal jugular vein?

Answer 33

external jugular vein 1. ***_formed by the union of_*** 1. ***_posterior branch of retromandibular vein_*** 2. ***_posterior auricualr vein_*** 2. descends across the SCM and pierces the investing layer of deep cervical fascia (rrof of posterior triangle ) to enter the subclavian vein 3. associated with superficial cervical nodes 4. if the external jugular vein is cut wher it pierces the investin layer of fascia, a venous air embolism may obstruct blood flow through the heart

Question 34

descends across the SCM and pierces the investing layer of deep cervial fascia. What is this and what does it enter?

Answer 34

external jugular vein 1. formed by the union of 1. posterior branch of retromandibular vein 2. posterior auricualr vein 2. ***_descends across the SCM and pierces the investing layer of deep cervical fascia (rrof of posterior triangle ) to enter the subclavian vein_*** 3. associated with superficial cervical nodes 4. if the external jugular vein is cut wher it pierces the investin layer of fascia, a venous air embolism may obstruct blood flow through the heart

Question 35

the descends across the SCM, pierces the roof of the posterior triangle entering the subclavian vein. But, what is it associated with ?

Answer 35

external jugular vein 1. formed by the union of 1. posterior branch of retromandibular vein 2. posterior auricualr vein 2. descends across the SCM and pierces the investing layer of deep cervical fascia (rrof of posterior triangle ) to enter the subclavian vein 3. ***_associated with superficial cervical nodes_*** 4. if the external jugular vein is cut wher it pierces the investin layer of fascia, a venous air embolism may obstruct blood flow through the heart

Question 36

what occurs if the external jugular vein is traumatized where it pierces the investing fascia?

Answer 36

external jugular vein 1. formed by the union of 1. posterior branch of retromandibular vein 2. posterior auricualr vein 2. descends across the SCM and pierces the investing layer of deep cervical fascia (rrof of posterior triangle ) to enter the subclavian vein 3. associated with superficial cervical nodes 4. ***_if the external jugular vein is cut wher it pierces the investin layer of fascia, a venous air embolism may obstruct blood flow through the heart_***

Question 37

list the boundaries of the posterior cervical triangle

Answer 37

***_posterior cervical triangle_*** 1. ***_boundaries_*** 1. ***_the posterior border of SCM_*** 2. ***_anterior border of Trapezius_*** 3. ***_middle 1/3 of the clavicle_*** 4. ***_investing layer of deep cervical fascia (roof)_*** 5. ***_prevertebral fascia and subjacent muscles (floor) in vertebral compartment_*** 2. con be further divided by the inferior belly of the omohyoid into 1. occipital trianble 2. supraclavicular (subclavian) triangle

Question 38

What can the posterior cervical triangle be further divided into, past the boundaries?

Answer 38

posterior cervical triangle 1. boundaries 1. the posterior border of SCM 2. anterior border of Trapezius 3. middle 1/3 of the clavicle 4. investing layer of deep cervical fascia (roof) 5. prevertebral fascia and subjacent muscles (floor) in vertebral compartment 2. ***_can be further divided by the inferior belly of the omohyoid into_*** 1. ***_occipital trianble_*** 2. ***_supraclavicular (subclavian) triangle_***

Question 39

describe the branches of the cervical plexus in with respect to the cervical triangle

Answer 39

1. ***_posterior cervical triangle_*** 1. ***_can be thought of as the part of the neck most associated with the upper limb_*** 2. ***_content_*** 1. ***_branches of the cervical plexus_*** 1. ***_cervical plexus and major somatic nerve plexus are formed from the ANTRIOR RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C1-C4_*** 2. ***_cutaneous branches include_*** 1. ***_lesser occipital(C2)_*** 2. ***_greater auricular(C2-C3)_*** 3. ***_transvers cervical(C2-C3)_*** 4. ***_supraclavicular (C3-C4)_*** 2. spinal accessory nerve 1. descends through the posterior triangle between the posterior border of the SCM and the anterior border of trapezius and supplies both muscles 2. may be injured in the posterior triangle by a tumor, stab wound, or during surgery 3. subclavian vein 1. passes anterior to the anterior scalene muscle and joins the internal jugular vein ( VENOUS ANGLE) to form the brachiocephalc vein 2. receives the external jugular vein as a tributary 3. is the continuation of the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib 4. arteries 1. subclavian artery (3rd part) 1. medial to the sclaneus anterior and superior to the subclavius and subclavian vein 2. transverse cervical artery 1. cervicodorsal trunk 2. divide into superficial branch to trapezius and deep branch to levator scapulae and thomboid 3. if only the superficial branch exists, the deep branch is replaced by a dorsal scapular artery from 3rd part of subclavian artery in posterior triangle 3. suprascapular artery 1. supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus 5. root, trunks and branches of the *_brachial plexus_* 1. 5roots emerge with the sublavian artery into the interscalene triangle formed by the anterior and middle scalene muscles and the first rib 2. they unite to form 3 trunks that descen inferolaterally toward the axilla 3. the muscles that make up the FLOOR of the posterior triangle 1. splenius capitis 2. levator scapulae 3. posterior scalene 4. middle scalene 5. anterior scalene

Question 40

descends through the posterior triangle between the posterior border of the SCM and the anterior border of trapezius and supplies both muscles. What is this nerve susceptible to?

Answer 40

1. posterior cervical triangle 1. can be thoug hof as the part of the neck most associated with the upper limb 2. content 1. branches of the cervical plexus 1. cervical plexus and major somatic nerve plexus are formed from the ANTRIOR RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C1-C4 2. cutaneous branches include 1. lesser occipital(C2) 2. greater auricular(C2-C3) 3. transvers cervical(C2-C3) 4. supraclavicular (C3-C4) 2. ***_spinal accessory nerve_*** 1. ***_descends through the posterior triangle between the posterior border of the SCM and the anterior border of trapezius and supplies both muscles_*** 2. ***_may be injured in the posterior triangle by a tumor, stab wound, or during surgery_*** 3. subclavian vein 1. passes anterior to the anterior scalene muscle and joins the internal jugular vein ( VENOUS ANGLE) to form the brachiocephalc vein 2. receives the external jugular vein as a tributary 3. is the continuation of the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib 4. arteries 1. subclavian artery (3rd part) 1. medial to the sclaneus anterior and superior to the subclavius and subclavian vein 2. transverse cervical artery 1. cervicodorsal trunk 2. divide into superficial branch to trapezius and deep branch to levator scapulae and thomboid 3. if only the superficial branch exists, the deep branch is replaced by a dorsal scapular artery from 3rd part of subclavian artery in posterior triangle 3. suprascapular artery 1. supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus 5. root, trunks and branches of the *_brachial plexus_* 1. 5roots emerge with the sublavian artery into the interscalene triangle formed by the anterior and middle scalene muscles and the first rib 2. they unite to form 3 trunks that descen inferolaterally toward the axilla 3. the muscles that make up the FLOOR of the posterior triangle 1. splenius capitis 2. levator scapulae 3. posterior scalene 4. middle scalene 5. anterior scalene

Question 41

describe the passage of the subclavian vein. tributaries. What is it the continuation of?

Answer 41

1. posterior cervical triangle 1. can be thoug hof as the part of the neck most associated with the upper limb 2. content 1. branches of the cervical plexus 1. cervical plexus and major somatic nerve plexus are formed from the ANTRIOR RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C1-C4 2. cutaneous branches include 1. lesser occipital(C2) 2. greater auricular(C2-C3) 3. transvers cervical(C2-C3) 4. supraclavicular (C3-C4) 2. spinal accessory nerve 1. descends through the posterior triangle between the posterior border of the SCM and the anterior border of trapezius and supplies both muscles 2. may be injured in the posterior triangle by a tumor, stab wound, or during surgery 3. ***_subclavian vein_*** 1. ***_passes anterior to the anterior scalene muscle and joins the internal jugular vein ( VENOUS ANGLE) to form the brachiocephalc vein_*** 2. ***_receives the external jugular vein as a tributary_*** 3. ***_is the continuation of the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib_*** 4. arteries 1. subclavian artery (3rd part) 1. medial to the sclaneus anterior and superior to the subclavius and subclavian vein 2. transverse cervical artery 1. cervicodorsal trunk 2. divide into superficial branch to trapezius and deep branch to levator scapulae and thomboid 3. if only the superficial branch exists, the deep branch is replaced by a dorsal scapular artery from 3rd part of subclavian artery in posterior triangle 3. suprascapular artery 1. supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus 5. root, trunks and branches of the *_brachial plexus_* 1. 5roots emerge with the sublavian artery into the interscalene triangle formed by the anterior and middle scalene muscles and the first rib 2. they unite to form 3 trunks that descen inferolaterally toward the axilla 3. the muscles that make up the FLOOR of the posterior triangle 1. splenius capitis 2. levator scapulae 3. posterior scalene 4. middle scalene 5. anterior scalene

Question 42

describe the arteries with respect to the posterior cervical triangle. Include direction.

Answer 42

1. posterior cervical triangle 1. can be thoug hof as the part of the neck most associated with the upper limb 2. content 1. branches of the cervical plexus 1. cervical plexus and major somatic nerve plexus are formed from the ANTRIOR RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C1-C4 2. cutaneous branches include 1. lesser occipital(C2) 2. greater auricular(C2-C3) 3. transvers cervical(C2-C3) 4. supraclavicular (C3-C4) 2. spinal accessory nerve 1. descends through the posterior triangle between the posterior border of the SCM and the anterior border of trapezius and supplies both muscles 2. may be injured in the posterior triangle by a tumor, stab wound, or during surgery 3. subclavian vein 1. passes anterior to the anterior scalene muscle and joins the internal jugular vein ( VENOUS ANGLE) to form the brachiocephalc vein 2. receives the external jugular vein as a tributary 3. is the continuation of the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib 4. ***_arteries_*** 1. ***_subclavian artery (3rd part)_*** 1. ***_medial to the sclaneus anterior and superior to the subclavius and subclavian vein_*** 2. ***_transverse cervical artery_*** 1. ***_cervicodorsal trunk_*** 2. ***_divide into superficial branch to trapezius and deep branch to levator scapulae and thomboid_*** 3. ***_if only the superficial branch exists, the deep branch is replaced by a dorsal scapular artery from 3rd part of subclavian artery in posterior triangle_*** 3. ***_suprascapular artery_*** 1. ***_supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus_*** 5. root, trunks and branches of the *_brachial plexus_* 1. 5roots emerge with the sublavian artery into the interscalene triangle formed by the anterior and middle scalene muscles and the first rib 2. they unite to form 3 trunks that descen inferolaterally toward the axilla 3. the muscles that make up the FLOOR of the posterior triangle 1. splenius capitis 2. levator scapulae 3. posterior scalene 4. middle scalene 5. anterior scalene

Question 43

describe the brachial plexus with respect to the posterior cervical triangle

Answer 43

1. posterior cervical triangle 1. can be thoug hof as the part of the neck most associated with the upper limb 2. content 1. branches of the cervical plexus 1. cervical plexus and major somatic nerve plexus are formed from the ANTRIOR RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C1-C4 2. cutaneous branches include 1. lesser occipital(C2) 2. greater auricular(C2-C3) 3. transvers cervical(C2-C3) 4. supraclavicular (C3-C4) 2. spinal accessory nerve 1. descends through the posterior triangle between the posterior border of the SCM and the anterior border of trapezius and supplies both muscles 2. may be injured in the posterior triangle by a tumor, stab wound, or during surgery 3. subclavian vein 1. passes anterior to the anterior scalene muscle and joins the internal jugular vein ( VENOUS ANGLE) to form the brachiocephalc vein 2. receives the external jugular vein as a tributary 3. is the continuation of the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib 4. arteries 1. subclavian artery (3rd part) 1. medial to the sclaneus anterior and superior to the subclavius and subclavian vein 2. transverse cervical artery 1. cervicodorsal trunk 2. divide into superficial branch to trapezius and deep branch to levator scapulae and thomboid 3. if only the superficial branch exists, the deep branch is replaced by a dorsal scapular artery from 3rd part of subclavian artery in posterior triangle 3. suprascapular artery 1. supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus 5. ***_root, trunks and branches of the brachial plexus_*** 1. ***_5roots emerge with the sublavian artery into the interscalene triangle formed by the anterior and middle scalene muscles and the first rib_*** 2. ***_they unite to form 3 trunks that descen inferolaterally toward the axilla_*** 3. the muscles that make up the FLOOR of the posterior triangle 1. splenius capitis 2. levator scapulae 3. posterior scalene 4. middle scalene 5. anterior scalene

Question 44

describe the muscles that make up the FLOOR of the posterior cervical triangle

Answer 44

1. posterior cervical triangle 1. can be thoug hof as the part of the neck most associated with the upper limb 2. content 1. branches of the cervical plexus 1. cervical plexus and major somatic nerve plexus are formed from the ANTRIOR RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C1-C4 2. cutaneous branches include 1. lesser occipital(C2) 2. greater auricular(C2-C3) 3. transvers cervical(C2-C3) 4. supraclavicular (C3-C4) 2. spinal accessory nerve 1. descends through the posterior triangle between the posterior border of the SCM and the anterior border of trapezius and supplies both muscles 2. may be injured in the posterior triangle by a tumor, stab wound, or during surgery 3. subclavian vein 1. passes anterior to the anterior scalene muscle and joins the internal jugular vein ( VENOUS ANGLE) to form the brachiocephalc vein 2. receives the external jugular vein as a tributary 3. is the continuation of the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib 4. arteries 1. subclavian artery (3rd part) 1. medial to the sclaneus anterior and superior to the subclavius and subclavian vein 2. transverse cervical artery 1. cervicodorsal trunk 2. divide into superficial branch to trapezius and deep branch to levator scapulae and thomboid 3. if only the superficial branch exists, the deep branch is replaced by a dorsal scapular artery from 3rd part of subclavian artery in posterior triangle 3. suprascapular artery 1. supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus 5. root, trunks and branches of the *_brachial plexus_* 1. 5roots emerge with the sublavian artery into the interscalene triangle formed by the anterior and middle scalene muscles and the first rib 2. they unite to form 3 trunks that descen inferolaterally toward the axilla 3. ***_the muscles that make up the FLOOR of the posterior triangle_*** 1. ***_splenius capitis_*** 2. ***_levator scapulae_*** 3. ***_posterior scalene_*** 4. ***_middle scalene_*** 5. ***_anterior scalene_***

Question 45

the cervical plexus is a major ____ \_\_\_\_ plexus. what does this mean? what forms the cervical plexus?

Answer 45

***_Cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus_*** 1. ***_the cervical plexus, a major somatic nerve plexus, is formed from the ANTERIOR RAMI of the spinal nerves C1-C4_*** 2. cutaneous branches include 1. lesser occipitalv(C2) 2. greater auricular(C2-C3) 3. transverse cervical (C2-C3) 4. supraclavicular (C3-C4) 3. note the relation with SCM

Question 46

describe the curaneous branches of the cervical plexus and their origination

Answer 46

Cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus 1. the cervical plexus, a major somatic nerve plexus, is formed from the ANTERIOR RAMI of the spinal nerves C1-C4 2. ***_cutaneous branches include_*** 1. ***_lesser occipitalv(C2)_*** 2. ***_greater auricular(C2-C3)_*** 3. ***_transverse cervical (C2-C3)_*** 4. ***_supraclavicular (C3-C4)_*** 3. note the relation with SCM

Question 47

note the relationship of the cervical plexus, the path of the nerves and how it involves the SCM.

Answer 47

Cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus 1. the cervical plexus, a major somatic nerve plexus, is formed from the ANTERIOR RAMI of the spinal nerves C1-C4 2. cutaneous branches include 1. lesser occipitalv(C2) 2. greater auricular(C2-C3) 3. transverse cervical (C2-C3) 4. supraclavicular (C3-C4) 3. note the relation with SCM

Question 48

is the continuation of the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib

Answer 48

***_subclavian vein_*** 1. ***_is the continuation of the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib_*** 2. passessANTERIOR TO THE ANTERIOR SCALENE muscle and joins the internal jubular vein (VENOUS ANGLE) to form the brachiocephalic vein 3. receives the external jubular vein as tributary

Question 49

The subclavian vein passes what direction, with respect to the muscles around? What structure manifests when it joins the internal jugular?

Answer 49

***_subclavian vein_*** 1. is the continuation of the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib 2. ***_passessANTERIOR TO THE ANTERIOR SCALENE muscle and joins the internal jubular vein (VENOUS ANGLE) to form the brachiocephalic vein_*** 3. receives the external jubular vein as tributary

Question 50

what contributes to the subclavian vein as tributaries?

Answer 50

subclavian vein 1. is the continuation of the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib 2. passessANTERIOR TO THE ANTERIOR SCALENE muscle and joins the internal jubular vein (VENOUS ANGLE) to form the brachiocephalic vein 3. ***_receives the external jubular vein as tributary_***

Question 51

describe the arteris crossing the posterior cervical triangle

Answer 51

arteries crossing posterior triangle 1. ***_third part of subclavian artery_*** 2. ***_occipital artey_*** 1. br of external carotid, not shown 3. ***_branches of the thyrocervical trunk_*** 1. from the 1st part of the subclavian artery in anterior triangle 1. suprascapular artery 1. supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus 2. transverse cervical artery (cervicodorsal trunk) 1. may divide into superficial branch to trapezius and deep branch to levator scapulae and rhomboid 2. if only the superficial branch exists, the deep branch is replaced by a dorsal scapular artery from 3rd part of subclavian artery in posterior triangle

Question 52

what portion of the subclavian artery crosses the posterior trangle?

Answer 52

arteries crossing posterior triangle 1. ***_third part of subclavian artery_*** 2. occipital artey 1. br of external carotid, not shown 3. branchses of the thyrocervical trunk 1. from the 1st part of the subclavian artery in anterior triangle 1. suprascapular artery 1. supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus 2. transverse cervical artery (cervicodorsal trunk) 1. may divide into superficial branch to trapezius and deep branch to levator scapulae and rhomboid 2. if only the superficial branch exists, the deep branch is replaced by a dorsal scapular artery from 3rd part of subclavian artery in posterior triangle

Question 53

describe the branches from the 1st part of the subclavian artery with respect to the posterior triangle. note image in answer

Answer 53

arteries crossing posterior triangle 1. third part of subclavian artery 2. occipital artey 1. br of external carotid, not shown 3. ***_branchses of the thyrocervical trunk_*** 1. ***_from the 1st part of the subclavian artery in anterior triangle_*** 1. ***_suprascapular artery_*** 1. ***_supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus_*** 2. ***_transverse cervical artery (cervicodorsal trunk)_*** 1. ***_may divide into superficial branch to trapezius and deep branch to levator scapulae and rhomboid_*** 2. ***_if only the superficial branch exists, the deep branch is replaced by a dorsal scapular artery from 3rd part of subclavian artery in posterior triangle_***

Question 54

Describe the tunks form from the brachial plexus and the route

Answer 54

the brachial plexus 1. 5 roots (anterior rami) emerge with the subclavian artery into the interscalene trangle formed by the anterior and middle scalene muscles and the first rib 2. ***_they unite to form 3 trunk that descend inferiolaterally toward the axilla._***

Question 55

describe the route for the brachial plexus with respect to the subclavian artery

Answer 55

the brachial plexus 1. ***_5 roots (anterior rami) emerge with the subclavian artery into the interscalene trangle formed by the anterior and middle scalene muscles and the first rib_*** 2. they unite to form 3 trunk that descend inferiolaterally toward the axilla.

Question 56

This nerve provides motor innervation to the diaphragm. Describe its origination and the path of its descent.

Answer 56

important nerves with respect to the posterior cervical triangle 1. ***_phrenic nerve (C3-C5)_*** 1. ***_motor innervation to the diaphragm_*** 2. ***_descends along the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle_*** 2. suprascapular nerve (C5-C6) 1. accompanying the suprascapular artery and vein behind the clavivle en route to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus 3. nerve to the subclavius muscle (C5) 1. may have an accessory phrenic nerve branch 4. long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) 1. to the serratus anterior 5. Dorsal scapluar nerve (C5) 1. the rhomboids and levator scapulae 2. it pierces the middle scalene muscle

Question 57

describe the following nerves with respect to the posterior triangle 1. suprascapular 2. subclavius 3. long thoracic 4. dorsal scapular

Answer 57

important nerves with respect to the posterior cervical triangle 1. phrenic nerve (C3-C5) 1. motor innervation to the diaphragm 2. descends along the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle 2. ***_suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)_*** 1. ***_accompanying the suprascapular artery and vein behind the clavivle en route to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus_*** 3. ***_nerve to the subclavius muscle (C5)_*** 1. ***_may have an accessory phrenic nerve branch_*** 4. ***_long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)_*** 1. ***_to the serratus anterior_*** 5. ***_Dorsal scapluar nerve (C5)_*** 1. ***_the rhomboids and levator scapulae_*** 2. ***_it pierces the middle scalene muscle_***

Question 58

answer the following with respect to the phrenic nerve 1. innervation 2. route of descent

Answer 58

***_important nerves with respect to the posterior cervical triangle_*** 1. ***_phrenic nerve (C3-C5)_*** 1. ***_motor innervation to the diaphragm_*** 2. ***_descends along the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle_*** 2. suprascapular nerve (C5-C6) 1. accompanying the suprascapular artery and vein behind the clavivle en route to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus 3. nerve to the subclavius muscle (C5) 1. may have an accessory phrenic nerve branch 4. long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) 1. to the serratus anterior 5. Dorsal scapluar nerve (C5) 1. the rhomboids and levator scapulae 2. it pierces the middle scalene muscle

Question 59

what are the boundaries of the anterior cervical triangle?

Answer 59

Anterior cervical triangle 1. boundaries 1. anteriorborder of the sternocleidomastoid muscle 2. midline of the neck (right and left) 3. inferior border of the mandible 4. manubrium of the sternum

Question 60

# fill in the following for the anterior cervical triangle 1. anteior border of what muscle? 2. midline of the \_\_\_\_? 3. inferior border of the mandible(given) 4. what portion of the sternum

Answer 60

Anterior cervical triangle 1. boundaries 1. anterior border of teh sternocleidomastoid muscle 2. midline of the neck (right and left) 3. inferior border of the mandible 4. manubrium of the sternum

Question 61

list the anterior cervical triangle subdivisions

Answer 61

anterior cervical triangle - subdivisions 1. ***_submandibular/digastric triangle_*** 1. bounded by the digastric muscle and the mandible 2. ***_submental triangle_*** 1. above the hyoid bone between the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the midline of the neck 3. ***_carotid triangle_*** 1. bounded by the posterior digastric, superior belly of the omohyoid, and the sternocleidomastoid 4. ***_muscular triangle_*** 1. defined by the midline of the neck, superior belly of the, omohyoid, and the sternocleidomastoid

Question 62

describe the following subdivision of the neck 1. submandibular/digastric triangle 2. submental triangle 3. carotid triangle 4. muscular triangle

Answer 62

anterior cervical triangle - subdivisions 1. submandibular/digastric triangle 1. bounded by the digastric muscle and the mandible 2. submental triangle 1. above the hyoid bone between the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the midline of the neck 3. carotid triangle 1. bounded by the posterior digastric, superior belly of the omohyoid, and the sternocleidomastoid 4. muscular triangle 1. defined by the midline of the neck, superior belly of the, omohyoid, and the sternocleidomastoid

Question 63

list the following anterior triangle subdivisions of the neck. 1. bounded by the digastric muscle and the mandible 2. above the hyoid bone between the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the midline of the neck 3. bounded by the posterior digastric, superior belly of the omohyoid, and the sternocleidomastoid 4. defined by the midline of the neck, superior belly of the, omohyoid, and the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 63

anterior cervical triangle - subdivisions 1. submandibular/digastric triangle 1. bounded by the digastric muscle and the mandible 2. submental triangle 1. above the hyoid bone between the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the midline of the neck 3. carotid triangle 1. bounded by the posterior digastric, superior belly of the omohyoid, and the sternocleidomastoid 4. muscular triangle 1. defined by the midline of the neck, superior belly of the, omohyoid, and the sternocleidomastoid

Question 64

what are the three superficial structures of the neck?

Answer 64

anterior triangle of the neck - superficial structures 1. platysma muscles 2. anterior jugular veins 1. descending near the midline; the paired veins anastomes through a fascial suprasternal space via a jugular venous arch 2. each anterior jugular drains into an external jugular vein 3. may receive a large communicating (connecting) vein from the facial vein 1. can cause bleeding following a neck injury or during atracheostomy 3. transverse cervical nerves

Question 65

describe the venous structures associated with the anterior triangle

Answer 65

anterior triangle of the neck - superficial structures 1. platysma muscles 2. ***_anterior jugular veins_*** 1. ***_descending near the midline; the paired veins anastomes through a fascial suprasternal space via a jugular venous arch_*** 2. ***_each anterior jugular drains into an external jugular vein_*** 3. ***_may receive a large communicating (connecting) vein from the facial vein_*** 1. ***_can cause bleeding following a neck injury or during atracheostomy_*** 3. transverse cervical nerves

Question 67

descrie the suprahyoid region border and contents

Answer 67

the suprahyoid region 1. is located between the hyoid bone and the inferior border of the mandible 2. contents 1. submandibular triangle 1. submandibular gland 2. lymph nodes 2. submental triangle 1. submental lymph nodes

Question 68

what contains the submandibular triangle and sumbental triangle? List the contents of the the above mentioned triangles.

Answer 68

the suprahyoid region 1. is located between the hyoid bone and the inferior border of the mandible 2. contents 1. submandibular triangle 1. submandibular gland 2. lymph nodes 2. submental triangle 1. submental lymph nodes

Question 69

define the borders of the submandibular triangle

Answer 69

submandibular triangle 1. border 1. ***_inferior border of the mandible_*** 2. anterior (CNV) and posterior (CNVII) bellies of the digastric muscle 1. can elevate the hyoid bone or depress the mandible (open the jaws) 3. ***_floor_*** 1. formed by the two mylohyoid muscles (CNV), which fuse in a midline fibrous raphe to form the floor of the oral cavity 2. mylohyoid muscles can help elevate the hyoid bone and tongue or depress the mandible 2. has the stylohyoid muscle running parallel to the posterior belly of the digastric ( attaches to styloid process) 1. innervated by CN VII 2. draws the hyoid bone upward and backward 3. named submandibular triangle due to containing the moser of the submandibular salivary glands

Question 70

draws the hyoid bone upward and backward. What is it innervated by?

Answer 70

submandibular triangle 1. border 1. inferior border of the mandible 2. anterior (CNV) and posterior (CNVII) bellies of the digastric muscle 1. can elevate the hyoid bone or depress the mandible (open the jaws) 3. floor 1. formed by the two mylohyoid muscles (CNV), which fuse in a midline fibrous raphe to form the floor of the oral cavity 2. mylohyoid muscles can help elevate the hyoid bone and tongue or depress the mandible 2. ***_has the stylohyoid muscle running parallel to the posterior belly of the digastric ( attaches to styloid process)_*** 1. ***_innervated by CN VII_*** 2. ***_draws the hyoid bone upward and backward_*** 3. named submandibular triangle due to containing the moser of the submandibular salivary glands

Question 71

elevate the hyoid bone and tongue or depress the mandible. What is the structure and what is it innervated by?

Answer 71

submandibular triangle 1. border 1. inferior border of the mandible 2. anterior (CNV) and posterior (CNVII) bellies of the digastric muscle 1. can elevate the hyoid bone or depress the mandible (open the jaws) 3. floor 1. ***_formed by the two mylohyoid muscles (CNV), which fuse in a midline fibrous raphe to form the floor of the oral cavity_*** 2. ***_mylohyoid muscles can help elevate the hyoid bone and tongue or depress the mandible_*** 2. has the stylohyoid muscle running parallel to the posterior belly of the digastric ( attaches to styloid process) 1. innervated by CN VII 2. draws the hyoid bone upward and backward 3. named submandibular triangle due to containing the moser of the submandibular salivary glands

Question 72

can elevate the hyoid bone or depress the mandible(open the jaws)

Answer 72

submandibular triangle 1. border 1. inferior border of the mandible 2. ***_anterior (CNV) and posterior (CNVII) bellies of the digastric muscle_*** 1. ***_can elevate the hyoid bone or depress the mandible (open the jaws)_*** 3. floor 1. formed by the two mylohyoid muscles (CNV), which fuse in a midline fibrous raphe to form the floor of the oral cavity 2. mylohyoid muscles can help elevate the hyoid bone and tongue or depress the mandible 2. has the stylohyoid muscle running parallel to the posterior belly of the digastric ( attaches to styloid process) 1. innervated by CN VII 2. draws the hyoid bone upward and backward 3. named submandibular triangle due to containing the moser of the submandibular salivary glands

Question 73

describe the innervation to the submandibular glands

Answer 73

submandibular triangle 1. name is due to the submandibular glands housed inside 1. gland innervated 1. ***_postganglionic PSNS fibers from cell bodies in the submandibular ganglion_***

Question 74

submandibular gland is innervated by ____ fibers from cell bodies in the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 74

submandibular triangle 1. name is due to the submandibular glands housed inside 1. gland innervated 1. postganglionic PSNS fibers from cell bodies in the submandibular ganglion