Neck Anatomy and Thyroid

Question 1

Laryngeal prominence is at the level of what in the throat?

Answer 1

Thyroid cartilage

Question 2

What are the 4 strap muscles also called?

Answer 2

Infrahyoid muscles

Question 3

What are the 4 strap muscles called?

Answer 3

1. Sternohyoid
2. Sternothyroid
3. Omohyoid
4. Thyrohyoid

Question 4

Where is SCM in relation to strap muscles?

Answer 4

Lateral and superficial

Question 5

Where is the anterior scalene muscle in relation to longus colli?

Answer 5

Posterolateral

Question 6

How many parathyroid glands are there?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

What are the three main salivary glands?

Answer 7

1. Sublingual
2. Submandibular
3. Parotid

Question 8

What neck region contains the submandibular gland?

Answer 8

1B

Question 9

What neck region contains the jugulodigastric nodes?

Answer 9

2A

Question 10

Neck region 3 is between what two landmarks?

Answer 10

Region 3 starts at the hyoid bone and goes to the inferior portion of cricoid cartilage

Question 11

What is the largest node in the neck?

Answer 11

Jugulodigastric node

Question 12

What neck region contains the medial supraclavicular nodes?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

What neck region contains the lateral supraclavicular nodes?

Answer 13

5B

Question 14

Where does neck region 4 begin?

Answer 14

Inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

Question 15

What is the function of the thyroid?

Answer 15

Controls BMR and also synthesizes, stores, and secretes thyroid hormone

Question 16

Where do the superior thyroid arteries arise from and how many are there?

Answer 16

Arise from external carotid artery and there are 2

Question 17

Where do the inferior thyroid arteries arise from and how many are there?

Answer 17

Arise from thyrocervical trunk which comes off the subclavian artery and there are 2

Question 18

What artery in the thyroid may or may not be present?

Answer 18

Thyroid IMA

Question 19

Where do the superior and middle thyroid veins drain into?

Answer 19

IJV

Question 20

Where does the inferior thyroid veins drain into?

Answer 20

BCV

Question 21

What are the three main thyroid hormones?

Answer 21

T3, T4, calcitonin

Question 22

What is the function of calcitonin?

Answer 22

Lowers blood calcium levels

Question 23

What do follicular cells process?

Answer 23

Iodine

Question 24

What structures does the regulatory system involve?

Answer 24

1. Hypothalamus
2. Anterior pituitary
3. Thyroid gland

Question 25

What two things bind within the colloid of thyroid follicles to form thyroid hormones?

Answer 25

1. Iodine 2. Thyroglobulin protein

Question 26

Where is thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) secreted from?

Answer 26

Hypothalamus

Question 27

Where is thyroid stimulating hormone secreted from?

Answer 27

Anterior pituitary

Question 28

What is the earliest gland to form in the embryo?

Answer 28

Thyroid

Question 29

When is the thyroid a fully developed gland in utero?

Answer 29

End of first trimester

Question 30

Through what structure do cells migrate down the neck to form the thyroid?

Answer 30

Thyroglossal tract/duct

Question 31

What is the most common thyroid variation?

Answer 31

Pyramidal lobe - extending upward from isthmus most of the time

Question 32

What is the most severe variation of the thyroid?

Answer 32

Athyrosis - associated with cretinism AKA congenital hypothyroidism

Question 33

What is calcitonin secreted by?

Answer 33

Parafollicular cells (c-cells)

Question 34

The thyroid begins to develop in utero at the level of what structure?

Answer 34

Primitive pharynx

Question 35

What is the most common ectopic location of the thyroid?

Answer 35

Lingual