Neck and Axilla

Question 1

What are the attachments of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 1

Lateral surface of the mastoid process +occipital bone.

Anterior surface of the manubrium and superior border and anterior surface of the medial 1/3 of clavicle.

Question 2

What are the superior, lateral and medial borders of the anterior triangle?

Answer 2

Superior: inferior border of the mandible
Lateral: anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
Medial: sagittal line down the midline of the neck

Question 3

What are the suprahyoid muscles? (4)

Answer 3

Mylohyoid
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid

Question 4

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 4

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothryroid

Question 5

What are the anterior, posterior and inferior borders of the posterior triangle?

Answer 5

Anterior: posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
Posterior: anterior border of the trapezius muscle
Inferior: middle 1/3 of the clavicle

Question 6

What are the 2 groups of lymphatic vessels which drain the neck?

Answer 6

Superficial and deep

Question 7

What do the superficial lymphatic vessels do?

Answer 7

Drain lymph from the scalp, face and neck into the superficial ring of lymph nodes at the junction of the neck and head.

Question 8

Where do the deep lymphatic vessels arise from and converge to?

Answer 8

Arise from the deep cervical lymph nodes and converge to form the left and right jugular lymphatic trunks.

Question 9

Where does the trapezius originate from and attach to?

Answer 9

Originates from the skull and the spinous process C7-T12.

Inserts into the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula.

Question 10

What do the 3 fibres of the trapezius muscle do?

Answer 10

Upper fibres elevate the scapula and rotate it during abduction of the arm.
Middle fibres retract the scapula.
Lower fibres pull the scapula inferiorly.

Question 11

What does the accessory nerve supply?

Answer 11

The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle.

Question 12

What is the accessory muscle also called?

Answer 12

Cranial nerve XI.

Question 13

Describe the hyoid bone.

Answer 13

U-shaped structure in the anterior neck, which lies at the base of the mandible (C3)

Question 14

What does the hyoid bone do?

Answer 14

Provides attachment for the anterior neck muscles.

Question 15

Describe the grooves in the first rib.

Answer 15

Subclavian artery groove which lies anterior to the subclavian vein groove.

Question 16

What are the 4 fascial layers of the neck?

Answer 16

Investing fascia.
Prevertebral fascia.
Pretracheal fascia.
Cartoid sheaths.

Question 17

What does the investing fascia do?

Answer 17

Surrounds al the structures of the neck.

Question 18

What does the prevertebral fascia do?

Answer 18

Surrounds the vertebral column and deep muscles of the back.

Question 19

What does the pretracheal fascia do?

Answer 19

Encloses the viscera of the neck.

Question 20

What does the carotid sheath do?

Answer 20

Surrounds the major neuromuscular bundle fo the neck.