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Neck Intro Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the fascia of the neck

A

Superficial cervical fascia
Deep fascia

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2
Q

What does the superficial cervical fascia surround?

A

The superficial cervical fascia surrounds the platysma muscle
And is closely associated with adipose tissue in the neck.

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3
Q

What is the function of the superficial cervical fascia?

A

provides a layer of support and structure for the neck and plays a role in supplying blood to the skin.

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4
Q

What is the role of the subplatysmal flap?

A

The subplatysmal flap is a layer within the superficial cervical fascia that helps protect the blood supply to the skin.

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5
Q

What structures does the deep cervical fascia condense around to form the carotid sheath?

A

The deep cervical fascia condenses around the common carotid arteries, internal jugular veins (IJVs), and vagus nerves

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6
Q

What is the origin of the superficial or investing layer of the deep cervical fascia?

A

The superficial or investing layer of the deep cervical fascia originates from the ligamentum nuchae (a ligament at the back of the neck) and the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae (bony projections at the back of the neck)

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7
Q

What are the attachments of the deep cervical fascia
Sup.
Ant.
Inf.

A

Sup = sup. Nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, zygomatic arch, mastoid tip

Ant. = hyoid bone

Inf. = Acromion, clavicle, sternum

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8
Q

natural cleavage planes and providing the slipperiness that allows for easy movement and separation of structures during surgery or neck movements. Is the responsibility of _____ fascia

A

Deep cervical fascia because it’s thicker

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9
Q

The deep cervical fascia in some areas is condensed and classified into

A

Investing layer
Pretracheal
Pre vertebral

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10
Q

The pretracheal layer is located______ and enclosed what structures

A

Thin layer located above the larynx
Thyroid, parathyroid and infra hyoid muscle

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11
Q

The prevertebral layer is located______ and enclosed what structures

A

lies behind the pharynx and esophagus, in front of the prevertebral muscles and vertebral column,
Forms the floor of the pst. Triangle

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12
Q

Middle or visceral layer is derived from

A

derived from the superior layer of the deep cervical fascia.

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13
Q

What’s the location of the middle/visceral layer and it wraps __________

A

The middle layer of the deep cervical fascia lies deep to the strap muscles

surrounds the trachea, thyroid gland, and esophagus.

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14
Q

What’s the clinical importance of the visceral layer of deep cervical fascia

A

When you swallow, the movement of strap muscles causes this layer to lift up, making any lumps in the thyroid gland more noticeable. This helps doctors diagnose thyroid conditions.

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15
Q

Carotid sheath is a condensation of that layer of fasct

A

Investing deep cervical fascia, pretracheal, pre vertebral

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16
Q

The carotid sheath surrounds

A

• the common and internal carotid arteries,
• the internal jugular vein,
• the vagus nerve and
• the deep cervical lymph nodes

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17
Q

What are the boundaries of the ant. Triangle

A

Anteriorly: by median line of the neck.
•Posteriorly: by anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
•Superiorly: inferior
border of the mandible
°Roof: skin
•Floor: thyroid gland, larynx and pharynx

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18
Q

Contents of the ant. Triangle of the neck
Muscle
BV
Nerves
Visera

A

Stylohoid, mylohyoid, sup. Belly of omohyoid, strap muscle and digastric muscle
BV: Int. &ant. Jugular vein, ex. Carotid branches except pst. Auricular
NS: Hypoglossal, mylohyoid, int. & ex. Laryngeal nerve
Visera: thyroid, larynx, submental, sub mandibular

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19
Q

The ant. Triangle is subdivided into

A

Carotid, submental, digastric and muscular triangle

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20
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

The lower boundary is formed by the body of the hyoid bone, and the sides are bordered by the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles.

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21
Q

What muscles make up the floor of the submental triangle?

A

The floor of the submental triangle is formed by two mylohyoid muscles that meet in the middle to create a median fibrous raphe.

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22
Q

What is the apex of the submental triangle?

A

The apex of the submental triangle is located at the symphysis of the mandible, which is where the halves of the lower jawbone join during infancy.

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23
Q

What forms the base of the submental triangle?

A

The base of the submental triangle is formed by the hyoid bone.

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24
Q

Contents of the submental triangle

A
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25
Small lymph nodes Small veins comes together to form large once
26
What structures form the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?
A: The boundaries of the submandibular triangle are the lower edge of the mandible (jawbone) and the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle.
27
What muscles contribute to the floor of the Submandibular Triangle?
A: The floor of the Submandibular Triangle is formed by the mylohyoid muscle and the hyoglossus muscle & middle constrictor muscle of the pharynx
28
What structures are found within the Submandibular Triangle?
submandibular salivary gland, deep fascia, lymph nodes, the anterior facial vein, the facial artery, the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
29
What are the boundaries of the Carotid Triangle?
Pst. Sternocleidomastoid Ant. Inf. Omohyoid Ant. Sup. Pst belly of digastric muscle Floor: Ant. Hyoglssus & thyrohoid muscle / Pst: mid&inf. Constrictor muscle
30
@ what point does the common carotid artery divide?
At the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, the common carotid artery divides into the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery
31
What are the boundaries of muscular triangle
Sup. Hyoid bone Lat. Sup. Belly of omohyoid muscle Ant. Border of SCM muscle Mid: mid line of the neck Apex: insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the omohyoid muscle.
32
Contents of the muscular triangle Muscle BV Visera
Content Muscles: infrahyoid muscles(thyrohyoid,sternothyroid,sternohyoid)  Vessels: sup & inf thyroid art, AJV, Viscera:thyroid,parathyroud ,trachea & esophagus
33
Boundaries of the pst. Triangle
Ant. SCM Pst. Trapezoid Inf. Mid. 3rd Clavicle Roof. Investing/superficial deep cervical fascia Floor. Pre vertebral fascia
34
The pst. Triangle can be divided into 2 by
Omohyoid muscle
35
Contents of the pst. Triangle
Muscle: omohyoid BV: suprascapular, subclavian, occipital artery, transverse cervical & ex. Jugular vein Nerve: cervical branchial plexus
36
The pst. Triangle is subdivided into
Supra scapular & occipital triangle
37
Boundaries of the occipital triangle
Ant. SCM pst. Trapezoid Inf. Sup. Border of omohyoid Floor: pre vertebral fascia Roof:investing layer of deep cervical fascia
38
Contents of the occipital triangle
Contains branches of the cervical plexus, upper most part of the brachial pl, supraclavicular Nn, fibrofatty tissue, lymph nodes, the accessory nerve. Splenius capitis, Lev. scapulae, middle scalene
39
Boundaries of the supraclavicular/subclavian triangle
Ant. SCM Pst. Trapezoid Sup. Inf. Border of omohyoid Inf. Clavicle
40
Contents of the subclavian triangle
Content 3rd part of subclav art, Trunks of brachial plexus, Nn to subclavius M, lymph nodes
41
The common carotid artery arises from the_____ on the left & ______ on the right .
the arch of the aorta on the left. from the brachiocephalic artery on the right
42
Normally, the common carotid artery does not have any branches at this division point. However, in some cases, it may give off additional branches such as the vertebral artery, superior thyroid artery, laryngeal branches of the superior thyroid artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, inferior thyroid artery, or occipital artery.
43
What's the carotid sinus? & it's location
A localized dilation @ CCA at the point where the ICA branches off it's a reflex presurereceptpr mechanism
44
Relationship btw CCA, JV and Vagus N
CCA is medial to JV & vagus N is btw the two
45
What's carotid body & function
A structure lying pst. To the bifurcation of the CCA is a chemo receptor
46
The carotid body is innervated by
Glossopharyngeal N
47
Carotid sinus &body same innervation
48
Relations of the Common Carotid A.
Anterolaterally : The skin, the fascia, SCM, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, & superior belly of omohyoid Posteriorly: The transverse processes of the lower 4 cervical vert, prevertebral muscles & sympathetic trunk In the lower part of the neck are the vertebral vessels Medially: The larynx and pharynx and, below these, the tracheaand esophagus, lobe of the thyroid gland
49
The carotid puse is taken @
The sup. Border of the thyroid gland
50
The external carotid artery starts and ends @
Sup. Thyroid cartilage terminates in the substance of the parotid gland behind the neck of the mandible by dividing into superficial temporal & maxillary arteries. It supplies the face, scalp, tongue, neck & maxilla
51
What are the external branches of the ECA
S-sup. Thyroid A- ascending branch pharyngeal A L- lingual A F- Facial A O- occipital A P-pst. Auricular A M- maxillary S- superficial temporal artery She always likes freaking out poor medical students
52
What are the ant. relations of the ECA
@ d beginning it's covered by SCM Later it can be seen superficially covered by d skin It's crossed by Hypoglossal N, pst. Belly of digastric muscle & stylohoid muscle & within the parotid gland it's crossed by facial N
53
The position of the ECA in relation to the IJV Between the ICA & IJV which is medial to which
The IJV is lat. To the ECA @ the beginning But later becomes posterior the ICA is lateral to the IJV in the neck.
54
What are the structures @ the medial side of the ECA
Wall of the pharynx ICA Stylopharyngous muscle Glossopharyngeous muscle The pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve passes btw the ECA & ICA
55
The ICA supplies
Brain, eye, forehead, part of the nose
56
Content of the carotid sheath
CCA, ICA, IJV, Vagus nerve
57
The ICA escapes into the cranium via_____ And terminate there by dividing into
Carotid canal the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery.
58
What are the branches of the internal carotid artery
A- ant. Choroidal A V- vidian A I- inf. Lat. Trunk P- pst. Communicating A S- sup. Hypophyseal A C- caroticotympanic A O- ophthalmic A M- meningohypophyseal trunk M- middle cerebral artery A- ant. Cerebral artery
59
Relations of the ICA Ant. Lat.
Anterolaterally : Below the digastric lie the skin, the fascia, the  anterior border of SCM , and the hypoglossal nerve. Above the digastric: lie the stylohyoid muscle,stylopharyngeus muscle,glossopharyngeal nerve,pharyngeal branch of vagus,the parotid gland,and the ECA
60
Relations of the ICA Ant. Lat
Anterolaterally: Below the digastric lie the skin, the fascia, the anterior border of SCM, and the hypoglossal nerve. Above the digastric lie the stylohyoid muscle, stylopharyngeus muscle, glossopharyngeal nerve,pharyngeal branch of vagus, the parotid gland, and the ECA
61
Relations of the ICA Pst. Mid.
Posteriorly: sympathetic trunk, longus capitis muscle & transverse processes of the upper 3 cervical vertebrae Medially: The pharyngeal wall & the sup. laryngeal nerve Laterally: The IJV and the vagus nerve
62
Extensive arteriosclerosis of the ICA in the neck can cause
visual impairment or blindness in the eye on the side of the lesion because of insufficient blood flow through the retinal artery Motor paralysis and sensory loss may also occur on the opposite side of the body because of insufficient blood flow through the middle cerebral artery
63
Catheterization of the JV is done on which JV , where and when
Right EJV The vein is catheterized is done about halfway between the level of the cricoid cartilage and the clavicle. Its done during inspiration when the valves are open

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