neck trauma Flashcards
(22 cards)
what are the complications with penetrating trauma
esanguination and asphyxiation and neuro deficits
what are the complications with blunt trauma
risk of vascular damag such as carotid injury or growing hematoma
what could carotid injury lead to?
emboli or thrombi which could cause cerebral infarction
what risks do growing hematomas from blunt trauma carry
it poses the risk to compress adjacent structures which potentially can cause airway obstuction or vascular compromise
how can we look for airway compromise in a trauma patient
- hoarsness in voice/ loss of voice
- hematemesis/hemoptysis
what is the location of zone 1 on the neck?
between the clavicles and cricoid cartilage
in zone one there is a major risk of blood hemorhaging into this cavity?
the thoracic cavity
what vital structures are located in zone 1?
-major vessels
- nerves
- trachea, esophagus, apex of lungs, thyorid
what are the major vessels in zone 1
- aortic arch
- brachiocephalic artery
- carotid artery
- vertebral arteries
what nerve in zone 1, if dammaged results in neuro deficits in the arm?
the brachial plexus
where is zone 2 of the neck located?
from the cricoid to the mandibular angle
what structures are at zone 2 of the neck?
vessels - internal/external carotid arteries and jugular viens
larynx and hypopharynx
and cranial nerves
which cranial nerves are located at zone 2?
10, 11, 12
where is zone 3 located?
from the mandibular angle to the base of the skull
in zone 3 there is a higher risk of cranial nerve damage. which cranial nerves are present
7, 9, 10, 11, 12
what arteries are in zone 3
distal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries
which type of fractures is most common in zone 3?
c-spine fractures
if the seat belt slides up and causes a vascular injury and compromises the airway it affects the sympathetic chain wrapped around the carotid artery. what symptoms might occur
miosis of the pupils
injuries to the hyoid bone can result in what?
dysphagia
injuries to the thyroid cartilage can result in what?
interference with the vocal cords causing hoarsness or loss of voice
what is tracheal transection
complete or crushing of the trachea
injuries to the phrynx and esophagus can lead to what condition if there is perforation
mediastinitis
