Need to Know Exam 3 Flashcards
(260 cards)
Pulmonary ventilation
The tidelike movement of air into and out of the lungs so that the gases in the alveoli are continuously changed and refreshed. AKA ventilation or breathing
External respiration
The gas exchange between the blood and the air-filled chambers of the lungs (oxygen loading/carbon dioxide unloading
Transport of respiratory gases
The transport of respiratory gases between the lungs and tissue cells of the body accomplished by the cardiovascular system, using blood as the transport vehicle
Internal respiration
Exchange of gases between systemic blood and tissue cells (Oxygen unloading and carbon dioxide loading)
Major role of respiratory system
To supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide.
Nasal cavity
Divided by the nasal septum. Is a large air filled space containing the inferior, superior, ad middle nasal conchae
Nasal septum
Divides the nasal cavity
Olfactory receptors
Located in the superior nasal mucosa
Oral cavity
The mouth, separated from the nasal passages by the hard palate and soft palate
Pharynx
Connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus inferiorly. 3 parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Larynx
Hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box
2 phases of Pulmonary ventilation
Inspiration and expiration
Inspiration
When air is taken into the lungs
Expiration
When air passes out of the lungs
What causes the size of the thoracic cavity to increase?
The inspiratory muscles (external intercostals and diaphragm) contract during inspiration.
Tidal volume (TV)
Amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions (500mL)
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRC)
Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation (3100mL)
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation (1200mL)
Vital capacity (VC)
Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration (4800mL)
What occurs at the end of a normal inspiration?
Chest expanded, diaphragm depressed
What occurs at the end of a normal expiration?
Chest depressed, diaphragm elevated
What are the five major processes of digestion?
Ingestion, movement of food, mechanical and enzymatic digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of indigestible waste
Alimentary canal
GI tract, approximately 9 meters long in a cadaver but shorter in living person due to muscle tone. Consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines
Accessory digestive organs
Teeth, salivary glands, bladder, liver, and pancreas
























































































































































































































