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MBE3 > Negative strand RNA viruses > Flashcards

Negative strand RNA viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Paramyxoviruses

A

measles virus
mumps virus
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
parainfluenza viruses

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2
Q

Rhabdoviruses

A

Species: rabies virus

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3
Q

Orthomyxoviruses

A

(Family = Orthomyxoviridae) Chapter 36

Species: influenza viruses A, B and C

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4
Q

Helical nucleocapsid
Pleomorphic envelope (variable shape)
Hemagglutinin (measles virus) on envelope binds sialic acid on cell surface glycoproteins
measles virus binds CD46 protein present on most cells
minus stranded

A

Paramyxoviruses

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5
Q

Paramyxovirus replication
Virus brings in _________ which transcribes minus RNA
into _________ (full length and ______)
Replication is cytoplasmic

A

Paramyxovirus replication
Virus brings in RNA polymerase which transcribes minus RNA
into plus RNAs (full length and mRNAs)
Replication is cytoplasmic

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6
Q

Measles virus

A

(~16000 nt –strand RNA genome)
hemagglutinins - envelope glycoproteins
attachment proteins (bind virus to host cells)
F protein - causes membranes to fuse together
role in viral entry into cells
expression on infected cells causes cell-cell fusion
Giant cells (syncytia)

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7
Q

Measles virus (~16000 nt ______strand RNA genome)
__________ - envelope glycoproteins
attachment proteins (bind virus to host cells)
__________ - causes membranes to fuse together
role in viral entry into cells
expression on infected cells causes cell-cell fusion
Giant cells (syncytia)

A

Measles virus (~16000 nt –strand RNA genome)
hemagglutinins - envelope glycoproteins
attachment proteins (bind virus to host cells)
F protein - causes membranes to fuse together
role in viral entry into cells
expression on infected cells causes cell-cell fusion
Giant cells (syncytia)

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8
Q 
Measles (Rubeola)
caused by measles virus
• enters body through
\_\_\_\_\_\_
• extremely\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

caused by measles virus
• enters body through
respiratory tract
• extremely contagious

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9
Q

Measles (Rubeola)
skin involvement (partly, inflammation due to______)
humoral and ________ modulate outcome

A 
skin involvement (partly, inflammation due to host response)
humoral and cellular immune responses modulate outcome
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10
Q

Koplik spots

A

Measles (Lesions of oral cavity)

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11
Q

Measles Signs

WTF is Coryza

A

􀀂3 C􀀁s􀀃 = cough, coryza,
conjunctivitis
Also morbilliform appearance
(rash = exanthem)
Coryza is a word describing the symptoms of a head cold. It
describes the inflammation of the mucous membranes lining
the nasal cavity which usually gives rise to the symptoms of
nasal congestion and loss of smell, among other symptoms.

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12
Q

WTF is Coryza and WTF is it associated with?

A

Measles
Coryza is a word describing the symptoms of a head cold. It
describes the inflammation of the mucous membranes lining
the nasal cavity which usually gives rise to the symptoms of
nasal congestion and loss of smell, among other symptoms.

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13
Q

Measles Complications

A 
complications
– Pneumonia (giant cell pneumonitis)
– Bacterial superinfections of middle ear
and lung
– pneumococci, staphylococci, and
meningococci
• subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
– rare progressive degeneration of central
nervous system caused by a type of
measles virus
• treatment, prevention, and control
– symptomatic/supportive therapy
– attenuated measles vaccine
• MMR vaccine (measles, mumps,
rubella)
• 􀀁Live􀀂 Measles vaccine - 1993
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14
Q 
Pneumonia (giant cell pneumonitis)
– Bacterial superinfections of middle ear
and lung
– pneumococci, staphylococci, and
meningococci
A

Complications of measles

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15
Q

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

A

rare progressive degeneration of central
nervous system caused by a type of
measles virus

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16
Q

Measles Treatment

A 
treatment, prevention, and control
– symptomatic/supportive therapy
– attenuated measles vaccine
• MMR vaccine (measles, mumps,
rubella)
• 􀀁Live􀀂 Measles vaccine - 1993
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17
Q

Mumps

A 
caused by mumps
virus
– Paramyxovirus
pleomorphic,
enveloped virus
– helical nucleocapsid
– negative strand RNA
(~15,000 nt)
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18
Q 
caused by mumps
virus
– Paramyxovirus
pleomorphic,
enveloped virus
– helical nucleocapsid
– negative strand RNA
(~15,000 nt)
A

Mumps

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19
Q

Swelling of parotid (salivary) glands

Prescott

A

Mumbs

20
Q

clinical manifestations
– develop 16-18 days after infection
– fever, and swelling and tenderness of salivary glands
– complications include meningitis and orchitis
(inflammation of testis)

A

Mumps

21
Q

Mumps Complications

A

Meningitis, orchitis (inflammation of the testis)

22
Q

Maybe associated with Juvenile Diabetes

A

Mumps

23
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus

A

minus stranded RNA
genome = one segment of RNA
enveloped

24
Q 
Respiratory syncytial virus
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ binds host cells
(instead of a hemagglutinin)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - causes membrane fusion
syncytia formation
virus enter respiratory \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, then spreads downward
along the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ mucosa
no clinically significant spread to distant sites
\_\_\_\_\_\_ of epithelial cells
infiltration of lymphocytes
\_\_\_\_ mucous production
A 
G protein binds host cells
(instead of a hemagglutinin)
F protein - causes membrane fusion
syncytia formation
virus enter respiratory epithelial cells, then spreads downward
along the respiratory mucosa
no clinically significant spread to distant sites
necrosis of epithelial cells
infiltration of lymphocytes
increased mucous production
25
Q

considered to be most dangerous respiratory infections

in young children

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

26
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
clinical manifestations
– acute onset of fever, cough, rhinitis, and nasal
congestion
– often progresses quickly to severe ______ and
pneumonia
• __________ - bronchiole obstruction that can
lead to ________ failure
host response may account for most serious

A

clinical manifestations
– acute onset of fever, cough, rhinitis, and nasal
congestion
– often progresses quickly to severe bronchiolitis and
pneumonia
• bronchiolitis - bronchiole obstruction that can
lead to respiratory failure
host response may account for most serious

27
Q

transmitted by:
– bites of infected animals
– aerosols in caves where bats roost
– contamination of scratches, abrasions, open wounds,
or mucous membranes with saliva of infected animals

A

Rabies

28
Q

minus stranded RNA
genome = one segment of RNA (~12,000 bases in length)
enveloped, bullet shaped virus
replication is entirely cytoplasmic

A

minus stranded RNA
genome = one segment of RNA (~12,000 bases in length)
enveloped, bullet shaped virus
replication is entirely cytoplasmic

29
Q

Skunks, racoon, bats, foxes

A

Rabies

30
Q 
incubation can be up to 12 months after
virus enters body
depends on size of inoculum
location of bite
face bite has shorter incubation
Negri
A

Rabies

31
Q

Negri bodies

A

masses of nucleocapsids in cytoplasm
seen in brain tissue of 70-90% of infected
humans

32
Q

Rabies pathogenesis

A 
Replication in muscle
enter peripheral NS
Ascent via sensory fibers
replication in dorsal ganglia
acsend spinal cord
Facks app brain spinal cord cerebellum, 
Decends to eyes skin, slivary glands.
33
Q

clinical manifestations
– begin 2 to 16 weeks after exposure
– pain or paresthesia at wound site, anxiety, irritability,
depression, fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, and
sensitivity to light and sound
– Hydrophobia: contractions of muscles involved in
swallowing (sometimes sight of water elicits this)
– quickly progresses to paralysis
– death results from destruction of regions of brain that
regulate breathing

A

Rabies

34
Q

Passive administration of antibody (antiserum or
immunoglobulin) (human rabies immune globulin = HRIG
collected from immunized persons)
– postexposure vaccination
– preexposure vaccination of individuals with high risk of
exposure, dogs, and cats

A

Treatment for Rabies.

35
Q

Orthomyxoviruses

Enveloped or No?

A

Genus: Influenzavirus - influenza virus A, B and C
minus stranded RNA
enveloped

36
Q

8 segments of RNA

7 segments of RNA

A

8 segments of RNA (for influenza viruses A and B)

7 segments of RNA (for influenza virus C)

37
Q

􀀂cap-snatching􀀃 -

A

uses 5􀀁 end of host mRNA to prime viral mRNA synthesis

38
Q

Random packaging

A

of the 8 segments (11 segments packaged per virion)

39
Q

Surface spikes (peplomers)
________ (HA)
attachment to host cell surface (prior to entry)
binds to _______ on epithelial cell surface
promotes membrane fusion (viral-cellular)
binds/aggregates RBCs
elicits protective neutralizing antibody
response

A

Surface spikes (peplomers)
hemagglutinin (HA)
attachment to host cell surface (prior to entry)
binds to sialic acid on epithelial cell surface
promotes membrane fusion (viral-cellular)
binds/aggregates RBCs
elicits protective neutralizing antibody
response

40
Q

neuraminidase (NA)

A

release of virus from envelope

cleaves sialic acid (NA has enzymatic activity)

41
Q

Typical flu symptoms (fever, headache, muscle aches, malaise) due to ________

A

Typical flu symptoms (fever, headache, muscle aches, malaise) due to interferon induction

42
Q

Treat with _______
_______ (A strain only);
______ (A and B)
–inactivated virus vaccine

A

Treat with amantidine,
rimantidine (A strain only);
ribavirin (A and B)
–inactivated virus vaccine

43
Q

Antigenic shift
Antigenic shifts in influenza virus are caused by
__________ of viral _______ fragments during a
______ infection by two different _____viruses

A

Antigenic shifts in influenza virus are caused by
reassortment of viral genomic fragments during a
mixed infection by two different influenza viruses

44
Q 
Antigenic drift
Changes in influenza virus surface proteins
(hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) due to
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_that occur during viral
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is called antigenic drift.
A

Changes in influenza virus surface proteins
(hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) due to
point mutations that occur during viral
replication is called antigenic drift.

45
Q

Antigenic shifts in influenza virus are caused

by reassortment of viral genomic fragments

A

Human and Duck Flu is picked up by a pig, Antigenic shift occurs and the a new strain is made that can still infect hue-mons.

46
Q

1918 flu pandemic: “spanish influenza”

A

1918 flu pandemic: “spanish influenza”
killed 50 million world-wide
victims usually young and previously healthy

47
Q

Likely killed via a “_______” in victims with _____ immune systems
unchecked _______ loop between ______ and cellular response
result: too many immune system cells activated in an single space àtissue damage

A

Spanish Flu
Likely killed via a “cytokine storm” in victims with strong immune systems
unchecked positive feedback loop between cytokines and cellular response
result: too many immune system cells activated in an single space àtissue damage

MBE3 (13 decks)

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