Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Parasitology Laboratory > Nematodes > Flashcards

Nematodes Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

This term refers to the absence of mammillary coat in an Ascaris egg.

A

DECORTICATED

mammillary coat: outermost layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do you call the structures found on polar ends of Trichuris egg?

A

(prominent) BIPOLAR PLUGS

it is also known as bipolar mucus plugs or hyaline plugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Scotch tape swab is best done

A

EARLY MORNING.

before the patient defecates / washes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Ascaris lumbricoides is capable of heart-lung migration.

A

TRUE

A. lumbricoides can cause Löffler’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Presence of spicules is unique for a female nematode

A

FALSE

spicules are used for copulation only seen in male nematode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nematodes are ___

resemble earthworms

A

Roundworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a cross-section of nematode under the microscope is what shape

A

Round shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nematodes are characterized as

A

non-segmented, elongated, cylindrical

unlike flatworms that are segmented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nematodes have complete ___

A

digestive system

have point of entry (mouth) & point of exit (anus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In nematodes :

term that describes having male and female sexes (?)

A

Diecious
separate sexes
there is a male and a female nematode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Difference of male and female nematodes

A

male nematodes:
- are smaller compared to
females
- have a curve tail

female nematodes:
have a straight tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

also called Giant Intestinal Roundworm

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

biggest nematode

almost the same size with earthworm

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Habitat of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Small Intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Unique characteristic of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

erratic (can also be present in an unusual habitat like in the lungs, nose, anus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Final host of of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Infective stage of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Embryonated Egg

Stage that will infect the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diagnostic stage of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Egg
Stage that needs to be detected to diagnose the parasitic infection

Egg: fertilized or unfertilized
Seen in fresh specimens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

only fresh fertilized egg of ascaris lumbricoides is the diagnostic stage

A

FALSE

fertilized or unfertilized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Embryonated egg is considered a diagnostic stage

A

FALSE
Embryonated egg is never considered a diagnostic stage

Embryonation occurs in the soil

Soil-transmitted helminths require soil for embryonation

It will take some time for the egg to be embryonated and there will be larvae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Soil-transmitted helminths embryonates in ___

A

soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MOT of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Considered as the Disease of Poverty

Poor are mostly infected

A

Ascaris lumbricoides infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides adult morphology

A

Do not need a microscope for visualization
This is big/large

Spicule
Complete digestive tract
Mouth is usually trilobe/trilips (three lips)
Whitish-pinkish with smooth striated cuticles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Female Ascaris lumbricoides adult morphology
Straight posterior end
26
male Ascaris lumbricoides adult morphology
Curved posterior end
27
Part of Ascaris lumbricoides found at the tail Part of the male nematode Never found in the female
Spicule
28
Part of Ascaris lumbricoides: For copulation
Spicule
29
size of Ascaris lumbricoides: Male: Female:
Male: 10-31 cm Female: 22-35 cm
30
How many eggs can a female Ascaris lumbricoides lay?
200,000 eggs per day
31
What stage of Ascaris lumbricoides: No longer develops into embryonated egg
Ascaris lumbricoides unfertilized egg
32
What stage of Ascaris lumbricoides: Usually longer and narrower than fertilized egg.
Ascaris lumbricoides unfertilized egg
33
What stage of Ascaris lumbricoides: Thin egg shell Can see irregularly shaped refractile granules or fat globules inside.
Ascaris lumbricoides unfertilized egg
34
Presence of mamillary layer or albuminous layer (Gives the unusual shape/shapeless)
Corticated Seen in both fertilized and unfertilized Ascaris lumbricoides egg
35
Without mamillary layer
Decorticated Seen in both fertilized and unfertilized Ascaris lumbricoides egg
36
What stage of Ascaris lumbricoides: Round to slightly oval With yellow brown irregular or with the presence of mammillary layer or sometimes wala
Ascaris lumbricoides fertilized egg
37
What stage of Ascaris lumbricoides: Thick eggshell
Ascaris lumbricoides fertilized egg
38
Ascaris lumbricoides fertilized egg has the Presence of inner layer (several layers) called This differs fertilized egg from unfertilized egg
vitelline layer or lipoidal(?) inner layer
39
Decorticated fertilized egg can be mistaken as
hookworm kasi parang smooth
40
What stage of Ascaris lumbricoides: presence of the larvae inside, may nakikita ka ng uod and that is now the infective stage
Embryonated egg
41
Ascaris lumbricoides pathology in most cases it is ___
Asymptomatic | in most cases
42
Ascaris lumbricoides pathology in gravid infection it causes
Intestinal obstruction blockage in intestine intestine mo punong puno ng uod best way to remove if di kaya ng gamot is through surgical removal
43
Ascaris lumbricoides pathology migration of ascaris to the lungs
Loeffler’s Syndrome
44
Ascaris lumbricoides pathology Ascaris can actually cause lung larvae migration or pneumonitis
Pneumonitis
45
Ascaris lumbricoides Diagnosis
DFS, Kato-Katz, FECT
46
TRUE OR FALSE: | sometimes it is not the eggs that is seen in the sample but rather the adult
TRUE
47
Of all the parasite what is the most erratic
Ascaris lumbricoides adult
48
Also called Whipworm
Trichuris trichiura
49
it resembles latigo
Trichuris trichiura
50
Habitat of Trichuris trichiura
Large intestine
51
all nematodes live in the small intestine except fo
Trichuris and Enterobius
52
Final host of Trichuris trichiura
Man
53
Infective stage of Trichuris trichiura
Embryonated egg
54
Diagnostic stage of Trichuris trichiura
Egg
55
MOT of Trichuris trichiura
Ingestion
56
TRUE OR FALSE Ascaris and Trichuris have the same final host, infective stage, diagnostic stage and MOT
TRUE
57
Trichuris trichiura Morphology (SIZE and TAIL) Male: Female:
Male: smaller has curve posterior tail (360 degrees coiled tail), yung pag-ikot niya, unique sa Trichuris trichiura ADULT Female: bigger has a straight or bland posterior end. Both have anterior portion that is the thin while the large part is the posterior
58
Unique characteristic of Trichuris trichiura male adult
360 degrees coiled tail
59
How many eggs can a Trichuris female lay?
3,000 to 10,00 eggs per day
60
Stage of Trichuris trchiura: PROMINENT BIPOLAR PLUGS Barrel shaped or lemon shape
Trichuris trichiura Egg Morphology
61
Pathology of Trichuris trchiura infection
Asymptomatic ( no signs and symptoms) Blood in stool Diarrhea Rectal prolapse – gravid situation
62
A trichuris trichiura manifestation in gravid situation: The portion of the intestine is brought out to the outside world The thinner portion penetrates the intestinal mucosa, then the posterior end hangs on
Rectal prolapse – gravid situation
63
Diagnosis of Trichuris trchiura
DFS, Kato-Katz, FECT
64
Also known as Pinworm, seatworm (Tiwa), worm of society
Enterobius vermicularis
65
worm of society --- the nematode that can infect the rich and poor
Enterobius vermicularis
66
Habitat of Enterobius vermicularis
Large intestine
67
Final host of Enterobius vermicularis
Man
68
Infective stage of Enterobius vermicularis
embryonated egg
69
diagnostic stage of Enterobius vermicularis
egg
70
MOT of Enterobius vermicularis
ingestion, inhalation, autoinfection, retroinfection
71
Inhalation is a unique MOT of this nematode
Enterobius vermicularis
72
a Enterobius vermicularis MOT: when you get the embryonated egg (from perianal area) and you have ingested it You are the source of infection
Autoinfection
73
a Enterobius vermicularis MOT: occurs when the egg hatches in the perianal area and then enters the body via the perianal area
Retroinfection
74
TRUE OR FALSE: | Eggs of ascaris and trichiuris have fast embryonation compared to enterobius
FALSE Ascaris trichiuris by which embryonation usually occurs for several days, the embyonation in Enterobius occurs as fast as 4-6 hours
75
several days, the embryonation: 4-6 hours embryonation:
several days, the embryonation: Ascaris and Trichura 4-6 hours embryonation: Enterobius
76
Enterobius Vermicularis Morphology Adult Female tail: Adult male tail:
Adult Female tail: long, pointed tail (arrow) leading to the common name of pinworm. They are about 8-13 mm in length. Adult male tail: curved, relatively blunt posterior tail
77
How many eggs can Enterobius Vermicularis lay?
4672-16,800 eggs per day; an average of 11,105 eggs per day
78
The eggs of Enterobius vermicularis in the air is still viable for
13 days
79
Enterobius vermicularis pathology
Nocturnal pruritus ani Secondary bacterial infections Insomnia Vulvovaginits
80
Enterobius vermicularis diagnosis
PERIANAL SWAB (recommended) FECT Appendix during appendectomy
81
5% of the Enterobius eggs are found in __, while 95% are found in ___
stool Perianal area
82
Unique characteristic of adult Enterobius vermicularis is the presence of
Cephalic Alae or lateral wings at anterior end
83
Parts of Adult male Enterobius
Esophageal bulb at anterior end Spicule at posterior tail
84
D-shaped egg because one of the sides is flattened approximately 25 x 60 um in size has a thin shell
egg of E. vermicularis
85
TRUE or FALSE: Cephalic alae is found in the anterior end of adult Enterobius vermicularis.
TRUE
86
TRUE or FALSE: Male pinworm can be recovered in scotch tape swab.
FALSE What is recovered and detected is actually the female, but is very rare (but there is still a possibility) but NEVER the male

Parasitology Laboratory (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions