Hookworm Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
MOT of Hookworms
A
Skin penetration
They have hooks used to attach to the host via their buccal cavity which has hooks or cutting plate which aids them in feeding
called the vampires because of the hook (ngipin)
2
Q
Infective Stage of Hookworms
A
Filariform L3 Larva
3
Q
Diagnostic Stage of Hookworm
A
Egg (heavy infection)
4
Q
Usually yung magkakasabay na infection is the mix infection of
A
Ascaris, Trichuris, and Hookworm
Of these three si Hookworm ang pinaka-konti because para dumami si Hookworm kailangan there is heavy infection
5
Q
Habitat of Hookworm
A
Small intestine
6
Q
the only nematodes that live in the large intestine
A
Trichuris and Enterobius
7
Q
all live in the small intestine
A
Ascaris, Hookworm, and Strongyloides
8
Q
an animal hookworm
A
Ancylostoma brasiliense
Ancylostoma caninum
9
Q
Old-World Hookworm
A
Ancylostoma duodenale
10
Q
C-shaped structure (both sexes) is a unique characteristic of
A
Ancylostoma brasiliense
11
Q
has fan-like structure in the tail called
A
copulatory bursa
12
Q
used for copulation, and it is a trapping structure for the female
A
copulatory bursa
there is a spicule in the copulatory bursa used for penetration
13
Q
one way to differentiate hookworms from one another is through their
A
buccal cavity
14
Q
dental pattern of Ancylostoma duodenale
A
two (2) pairs of teeth
15
Q
direction of tail and head are similar (whether towards the right or left)
A
Ancylostoma duodenale
16
Q
bursa is described as bell-shaped
A
Ancylostoma duodenale
17
Q
Cat hookworm
A
Ancylostoma braziliense
18
Q
Canine/Dog hookworm
A
Ancylostoma caninum
19
Q
TRUE OR FALSE
Ancylostoma spp. can also undergo
infection through ingestion of IS
A
TRUE
20
Q
Intermediate host of the Hookworm
A
Small intestine
21
Q
What are the distinct features that make them
hookworms?
A
Anterior end are all curved / hook mucosa to attach
themselves to the intestinal mucosa
22
Q
forms a conspicuous bend at the anterior portion of
the parasite
A
Hookworm
23
Q
TRUE OR FALSE
The hookworm egg cannot be distinguished whether
it is Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus,
Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum
A
TRUE
24
Q
Hookworm egg can be mistaken as
A
Strongyloides egg
25
○ Capable of infecting man
| ○ The final host would be the cat
Ancylostoma braziliense
26
○ Capable of infecting man
| ○ Final host is k9, mga aso
Ancylostoma caninum
27
New world hookworm or American
| murderer (common in the Philippines)
Necator americanus
28
A. duodenale:
Filariform larva / L3 is characterized as
pointed tail, sheathed, shorter
| esophagus
29
Hookworm egg characteristics
● Thin shelled
● 2 - 8 cell stages (blastomeres)
● No species identification
30
stage of hookworm wherein
open mouth
stage, it has long buccal cavity with small genital
primordium
Rhabditiform L1
31
DEntal pattern of Necator americanus
Semilunar cutting plate
32
"c" shaped:
"s" shaped:
"c" shaped: A. duodenale
"s" shaped: N. americanus
33
Dorsal ray,
trigiditate or
“tripartite” is seen in
A. duodenale
34
Dorsal ray, bidigate
| or “bifid is seen in
N. americanus
35
● Larval migration through lungs
N. americanus
| A. duodenale
36
Diagnostic stage of A. duodenale and N. americanus
Thin-shelled eggs (4-16 or blastomere stage)
2-8 cell stages (packet)
37
MOT of:
A. duodenale:
N. Americanus:
A. duodenale: Skin penetration/percutaneous AND ingestion
N. Americanus: ONLY skin penetration / percutaneous
38
Life span of A. duodenale and N. americanus
Up to 15 yr or more ; usually 5-10 years
39
TRUE OR FALSE:
| You can differentiate the eggs of A. duodenale from N. americanus
FALSE
Can only differentiate adult
but the eggs and the larva, you cannot
distinguish which hookworm is that
40
TRUE OR FALSE:
| You can differentiate the larvae of hookworm larvae from Strongyloides larvae
TRUE
we can distinguish kung ano doon yung
hookworm larva vs strongyloides larvae but their eggs are
the same
41
With 2 ventral pairs of teeth both found in female and
| male hookworm
ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE
42
Spicule of Ancylostoma duodenale
plain and bristle-like
43
Spicule of Necator americanus
Barbed, fused
44
NEcator americanus doesn't have real teeth but have
semilunar cutting plates
45
Feeding stage
Rhabditiform L1
46
Pathology of Human Hookworms
Feel itch in the place where it entered
Cutaneous Stage: Ground Itch
47
Pathology of Human Hookworms
Can undergo lung larval migration
Ascaris lumbricoides and Hookworms
Pulmonary Phase: Pneumonitis
48
Pathology of Human Hookworms
Blood loss because it lives in the blood
Intestinal: Blood Loss; Iron Deficiency Anemia
49
2 Pathologies of Animal Hookworms
Cutaneous Larval Migrans / Creeping eruption;
Eosinophilic Enteritis
50
Wakana/katayama disease is caused by ____ and is manifested by ____
Hookworm
Headache, Chills, Fever, Eosinophilia and Diarrhea
altogether
51
Can indicate inflammation, allergic reaction, or
| parasitic infection if more than __% eosinophilia
70%
52
Adult hookworms can cause anemia by which RBCs are
RBCs are microcytic hypochromic
53
Food of hookworm
Blood
54
Smallest nematode
STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS
55
Demonstrates Parthenogenesis
Can fertilize its own egg
Does not require the male for fertilization
STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS
56
Difference of male and female strongyloides stercoralis
Female - pathogenic
| Male - free living
57
Also called Thread Worm
STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS
58
Habitat of Strongyloides stercoralis
small intestine
59
Infective stage of stronglyloides stercoralis
Filariform larva L3
60
MOT of stronglyloides stercoralis
Larval Penetration/Skin Penetration
61
Unique characteristic of Strongyloides stercoralis rhabditiform
PROMINENT genital primordium
62
Difference between Hookworm rhabditiform and S. stercoralis rhabditiform
Hookworm rhabditiform: small genital primordium
S. stercoralis rhabditiform: prominent genital primordium
63
Difference between Hookworm filariform larva and S. stercoralis filariform larva
Hookworm L3 : Shorter esophagus ; pointed tail
S. stercoralis L3: Longer esophagus ; notched tailq
64
One of the parasites that cause severe diarrhea
STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS
65
Types of diarrhea caused by S. stercoralis
Vietnam Diarrhea
Cochin China Diarrhea
66
Honeyform appearance of intestinal mucosa is one of the pathologies of
S. stercoralis
67
Capable of Larva Currens – migration of the larva
S. stercoralis
68
Baermann Technique (Culture technique)
```
Funnel
Rubber tubings
Clap
Gauze / Wire screen
Water (Moisturized water)
```
69
Principle of Baermann Technique (Culture technique)
Based on the active migration or movement of larvae
➢ They sink to the bottom and can be collected for
identification
70
What stage is harvested in Baermann technique
Filariform larvae
71
this is known as “Filter paper culture technique"
Harada Mori (culture technique)
72
Harada Mori (culture technique) conditions
Dark place
7 days
25 degrees (cold)
73
What stage is harvested in Harada Mori Technique
Filariform larvae
74
TRUE OR FALSE
| Harada Mori TEchnique and Baermann technique are used in clinical setting for diagnosis
FALSE
Harada Mori TEchnique and Baermann technique are only used for RESEARCH PURPOSES
75
very important in detecting light
infection with hookworms, Strongy, Trichostrongylus
species.
Harada Mori TEchnique
76
a good method for culturing Strongyloides
| stercoralis.
Agar plate culture
77
consists of agar, meat extract, peptone, and
| saline solution.
Agar plate culture
78
Can you differentiate Ancylostoma
| duodenale vs. N. americanus using this egg?
NO
79
Can you distinguish the Hookworm vs. the
| Strongyloides by simply observing this egg?
NO
80
What is the feature of the Strongyloides egg that can
be observed but not enough to differentiate it from the
hookworm eggs?
The size. The Strongyloides egg is slightly smaller.
81
body cavities of nematodes are
pseudocoelom
82
Nematodes are one of the largest groups of
metazoan
83
Nematodes Bilaterally symmetrical cylindrical body with
tripoblastic nature
84
Body of nematodes is
slender cylindrical unsegmented
| with a resistant cuticle
85
Nematodes Body wall contains
longitudinal muscles
Circular muscles are absent
86
NEMATODES
Epidermis is ____
Locomotory cilia are ____
syncytial.
Absent but
Some have ciliated gastrodermal cells
87
NEMATODES
Alimentary canal is a
simple straight tube.
88
NEMATODES
Digestion is both
extracellular and intracellular
89
TRUE OR FALSE
| Nematodes' Intestine is non-muscular.
TRUE
90
TRUE OR FALSE
Nematodes have Blood vascular system
FALSE
Blood vascular system is absent
Pseudocoelomic Fluid helps in the transport of nutrients.
91
NEMATODES
Excretory system contains
'H' shaped canals or excretory
| gland.
92
NEMATODES
Respiration is by
anaerobic method.
93
TRUE OR FALSE
NEMATODES
Nervous system consists of a circum-enteric nerve ring
with ganglia.
TRUE
94
Sense organs are aphids and phasmids
glandulo sensory structures in the posterior region of the
body.
(mechanical and chemoreceptors
| present at the anterior region of the body)
95
NEMATODES
| Sexes are separate. Sexual dimorphism is present.
TRUE
96
TRUE OR FALSE
| Fertilization is internal and external
FALSE
Fertilization is INTERNAL
97
Development involves how many moults of the cuticle
four
98
It is a phenomenon in which
cell division ceases near the end of embryonic
development, so that the number of cells of the adult is
constant. Development of rhabditiform larva. THIS IS CALLED
EUTELY
99
2 CLASSIFICATION OF NEMATODA:
Class 1: Aphasmidia
Class 2: Phasmidia
100
➢ These are mostly free living.
➢ Amphids are of various shapes and highly
modified.
➢ Phasmids are absent
➢ Excretory glands are present and excretory
canals are absent.
Aphasmidia
101
Some are freeliving and others are parasitic
➢ Amphids are porelike.
➢ Phasmids are present.
➢ Excretory glands / excretory canals or both are
present.
➢ Examples: Ascaris common round warm,
Enterobius pinworm, Wuchereria Filarial worm,
Ancylostoma hookworm.
Phasmidia
102
Flattened on one
| side
Ascaris
103
. Obvious
| albuminous coating
Ancylostoma
104
Surrounded by a
| nurse cell
Enterobius
105
Thin shell
surrounding
embryonic cleavage
Trichuris
106
Polar plug on each
| end
Trichuris??
