Neonatal Feeding Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are 4 components of a “good latch”?
C: Chin and Cheek close to breast
A: Areola covered as much as possible
L: Lips flanged out
M: Mouth is wide open
What are 3 signs of effective suckling?
1) Rhythmic, deep sucks
2) No pain (mom)
3) Audible swallowing
What are 3 components of colostrum?
1) High in protein and immunoglobulin
2) Lower in volume compared to mature milk (<50ml/day vs 600ml/day)
3) Only produced in first ~2 days
What are 2 components that are crucial for the initiation of mature milk?
Suckling → Hormones → Oxytocin → Prolactin
How long is breastfeeding recommended for?
Exclusive till 6mths
Breastfeeding + complementary feed till 2 years or beyond
What are 4 benefits of breastfeeding for infants?
1) Optimum nutrition for 4-6mths
2) ↓GI and Respi infection, ostitis media, asthma
3) ↓risk of obesity, T2DM, HTN
4) ↓Infant mortality
What are 4 benefits of breastfeeding for the mother?
1) Bonding
2) ↓Ovarian dna breast cancer
3) ↓T2DM, obesity and metabolic syndromes
4) Birth spacing
5) Saves costs
What are 5 common challenges in breastfeeding?
1) Insufficient milk supply (real or perceived)
2) Poor latching/suckling → cracking
3) Nipple soreness
4) Breast pain: engorgement, mastitis, abscess
5) Lack of support for breastfeeding (socioeconomic)
6) Return to employment
7) Availability and acceptance of formula
What are 3 causes of delayed lactation?
1) Caesarean section
2) Maternal illness
3) Primagravida
What are 3 causes of true/primary insufficient milk supply?
1) Breast reduction surgery
2) Glandular hypoplasia
3) Sheehan’s syndrome
What are 3 causes of secondary/”technical” breastfeeding issues?
1) Improper latch
2) Soreness and pain
3) Anxiety
What are 4 infant factors for breastfeeding issues?
1) Small/prematurity
2) Multiple births (eg. twins)
3) Early introduction of formula
4) Phototherapy for jaundice
5) Systemic illness (eg. ARDS → NICU)
What are 4 indications for supplemental feeding?
Maternal
Permanent: HIV infections
Temporary:
1) Unsafe medications
2) Other infections (active TB/VZV)
Infant
Permanent: IEMs
Temporary
3) Acute dehydration/WL
4) Hypogly refractory to breastfeeding
Why is complementary feeding needed at 6mths?
At 6 mths, human milk alone cannot meet nutrient needs of infant (ready for semi-solid foods)
What are 3 examples of foods for complementary feeding?
1) Rice cereal
2) Pureed vegetables
3) Fruits
4) Egg
5) Meat
NOTE: Complements NOT replaces breast milk
Is there strong evidence to support delayed introduction of allergenic foods to prevent allergy?
No (AAP 2019)
