Neoplasia Flashcards
(25 cards)
Definition of neoplasm or tumour
AEUAPP.
A mass of tissue formed as a result of abnormal, excessive uncoordinated, autonomous and purposeless proliferation of cells even after the cessation of stimulus for growth which caused it.
Neoplasia means
New growth
What are the two types of neoplasms
Benign tumours or malignant tumours
What are the characteristics of benign tumours
Non-invasive, Localised@siteof origin
Nonmetastatic
Well differentiated
Small
Well demarcated
Slow growing
Circumscribed, capsulated
What are the characteristics of malignant tumours?
Poorly differentiated-Anaplasia
rapidly growing with haemorrhage and necrosis
Poorly demarcated
Large
Locally invasive
Metastatic
end with the suffix -oma
Benign tumours
Benign tumours arising from fibrous tissue are called
Fibroma
Benign cartilage tumour is called
Chondroma
Benign epithelial neoplasms derived from glands (or hepatocytes-liver)
Adenoma
benign epithelial neoplasm producing finger like projections are called
Papilloma
When a neoplasm, benign or malignant, produces a macroscopically visible projection above a mucosal surface and projects, for example into the gastric or colonic lumen, it is termed a
Polyp
Cancers are what type of tumour?
Malignant
What are sarcomas
Malignant tumours arising in solid mesenchymal tissues.
For example, fibrosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Leomyosarcoma
Malignant tumours of epithelial origin
Carcinoma
Malignant tumour is arising from blood forming cells are called
Lymphoma and leukaemia
Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cell origin derived from any of the three germ layers
Carcinomas
Divergent differentiation of a single neoplastic clone creates a____. It is when two types of tumours are combined in the same tumour.
Mixed tumour
E.g : pleomorphic adenoma— mixed tumour of salivary gland
What is a teratoma
A neoplasm which contains more than one germ cell layer and sometimes all three. Contains fully developed tissues or organs like hair, bone, muscle.
Adenosquamous carcinoma is an example of
Mixed tumour.
Made from adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
When epithelium (carcinoma) and mesenchymal (sarcoma) combine
Carcinosarcoma — a mixed tumour
Develops from pluripotent cells
Teratoma
95% of teratomas are benign or malignant?
Benign (mostly ovarian)
Where is wilm’s tumour located?
In the kidney, it is a type of blastoma
What are blastomas?
They are a group of malignant tumours that develop from blast cells of organs during embryogenesis. It typically affects children.
