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Pathology > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

A cell that has an altered appearance and function but can return to normal is…

A

Dysplastic

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2
Q

A cell that has an altered appearance and function but can’t return to normal is…

A

Neoplastic

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3
Q

All neoplasia is caused by…

A

Mutations of the cell DNA

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4
Q

Neoplasia is less common in food animals because?

A

Food animals are eaten when they are young and neoplasia is more common in older animals

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5
Q

Programmed cell death is called…

A

Apoptosis

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6
Q

A benign neoplasm cannot…

A

Invade surrounding tissue, so can’t metastasise

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7
Q

A malignant neoplasm….

A

Invades surrounding tissue and can spread around the body

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8
Q

When a neoplasm spreads to a distant location in the body this is

A

Metastasis

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9
Q

The process of a cell changing from normal to neoplastic…

A

Transformation

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10
Q

Oncogenes

A

Code for proteins that promote cell growth and division

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11
Q

Genes that code for proteins that promote cell growth and division are

A

Oncogenes

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12
Q

Genes that code for proteins that protect against transformation

A

Tumour supressor genes

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13
Q

A malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands is a

A

Salivary Adenocarcinoma

  • Where: Salivary
  • Malignant: carcinoma
  • Of gland: adenocarcinoma
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14
Q

A salivary adenoma is a

A

Benign neoplasm of the salivary glands

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15
Q

A malignant neoplasm of squamous epithelium

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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16
Q

A squamous papilloma is

A

A benign neoplasm of squamous epithelium

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17
Q

A malignant neoplasm of the transitional epithelium of the bladder

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

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18
Q

A benign neoplasm of hepatocytes

A

Hepatoma

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19
Q

A hepatocellular carcinoma is a

A

Malignant neoplasm of hepatocytes

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20
Q

A pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a

A

Malignant neoplasm of the exocrine pancreas

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21
Q

A malignant neoplasm of the bile ducts is called a

A

Cholangiocellular adenocarcinoma

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22
Q

A benign neoplasm of fibroblasts is called a

A

Fibroma

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23
Q

A benign neoplasm of chondrocytes is called a

A

Chondroma

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24
Q

A malignant neoplasm of osteoblasts is called a

A

Osteosarcoma

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25
Q

A hemangiosarcoma is

A

A malignant neoplasm of endothelial cells

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26
Q

A hemangiomas is

A

A benign neoplasm of endothelial cells

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27
Q

A benign neoplasm of smooth muscle is called a

A

Leiomyoma

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28
Q

A rhabdomyosarcoma is a

A

A malignant neoplasm of skeletal muscle

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29
Q

A lymphoma is a

A

A malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes

30
Q

A malignant neoplasm of melanocytes is called a

A

Malignant melanoma

31
Q

A benign neoplasm of melanocytes is called a

A

Benign melanoma

32
Q

A malignant neoplasm of cels in the adrenal medulla is called a

A

Malignant pheochromocytoma

33
Q

A malignant neoplasm of cells differentiated into hepatocytes and bile ducts

A

Malignant hepatoblastoma

34
Q

A benign neoplasm of cell differnetiated into renal tubule cells and glomeruli

A

Benign nephroblastoma

35
Q

A malignant trichoblastoma is

A

A malignant neoplasm of cells that have differentiated into multiple epidermal cell type

36
Q

A malignant neoplasm of the testicles comprising multiple tissue components

A

A malignant testicular teratoma

37
Q

A benign ovarian teratoma

A

A benign ovarian tumor comprising multiple tissue types

38
Q

A neoplasm of the bone marrow that results in circulating neoplastic cells

A

A leukemia

39
Q

A neutrophilic leukemia

A

A neoplasm of the bone marrow resulting in circulating neoplastic neutrophils

40
Q

An intraepithelial neoplasm that is confined by the basement membrane

A

An in situ carcinoma

41
Q

The best way to predict the behaviour of a neoplasm is after

A

microscopic examination of the tumor

42
Q

Five criteria that can be assessed grossly that can be used to predict neoplasm behavior are

A
  1. Location on the body and signalment,

2. Speed of growth, 3.Number of masses, 4. Presence of necrosis, 5.Infiltration

43
Q

Malignant neoplasms often contain necrosis because

A

Their rapid cell growth outgrows their blood supply

44
Q

A cholangiocellular adenocarcinoma often contains necrosis resulting in a

A

Umbilicated appearance

45
Q

The five microscopic criteria used to differentiate between benign and malignant neoplasms are

A
  1. Cell differentiation
  2. Anaplasia
  3. Mitosis
  4. Invasion
  5. Metastasis
46
Q

The most common skin neoplasm of dogs is

A

A cutaneous histiocytoma

47
Q

Cutaneous histiocytomas most commonly develop on the

A

Head and feet of dogs

48
Q

Mast cell tumours are most common in what breed of dog?

A

Boxers (also pugs, Retrievers, and Boston terriers)

49
Q

Benign tumors can grow rapidly if

A

They contain inflammation

50
Q

Multiple masses within the skin is more consistent with

A

Multiple primary neoplasms

51
Q

One mass within one organ and multiple masses within the liver or lung suggests

A

Metastasis of a primary neoplasm

52
Q

Necrosis is more common in

A

Rapidly growing neoplasms that outgrow their blood supply

53
Q

Rapid growth is more consistent with what neoplasm behaviour (b or m)

A

Malignant

54
Q

Infiltration is a defining characteristic of what neoplasm behavior (b or m)

A

Malignant

55
Q

Benign tumors by definition do not

A

Invade surrounding tissue

56
Q

The two ways microscopic examination of tumors can be done are

A

Cytology or histology

57
Q

The best first test to evaluate a skin neoplasm is

A

Fine Needle Aspirate and cytology

58
Q

A canine melanoma that develops in haired skin is more likely to be (b or m)

A

Benign

59
Q

A canine melanoma that develops in non-haired skin is more likely to be (b or m)

A

Malignant

60
Q

Feline mammary gland neoplasms are invariably (benign or malignant)

A

Malignant

61
Q

What proportion of canine mammary gland neoplasms are malignant

A

Around 50%

62
Q

Poor cell differentiation indicates

A

Lots of mutations and a malignant behavior

63
Q

The presence of wide a variation in the appearance of neoplastic cells is called

A

Anaplasia

64
Q

Differentiation of a neoplasm is

A

The degree to which neoplastic cells appear similar to normal cells of that type

65
Q

The mitotic rate is a measure of what in a neoplasm what behavior

A

The rate of growth of the neoplasm

66
Q

In some neoplasm types a high mitotic rate indicates (b or m)

A

Likely malignant behavior

67
Q

The presence of bizarre mitoses suggests

A

Lots of mutations and a malignant behavior

68
Q

When the lymph nodes and lungs are evaluated for the presence of tumor spread this is called

A

Staging of a neoplasm

69
Q

As neoplasms grow faster that the host they can either…

A

Compress surrounding tissue or invade surrounding tissue

70
Q

As benign neoplasms compress surrounding tissues this makes them easier to

A

surgically remove

Pathology (12 decks)

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