Neoplasia 4: Other tumors (Teratoma, Embryonic tumors, tumor like lesions)

Question 2

Define teratoma

Answer 2

Tumor arising from Primative germ cells (totipotent cells), containing structures derived from ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 3

Sites of totipotent cells in aduls

Answer 3

• Ovary
• Testis
• Sacrococcygeal
• Mediastinum
• Base of skull

Question 4

Appearance of organs in teratomas and why

Answer 4

Not mature organs, due to lack of placental hormones

Question 5

Enumerate types of Teratoma

Answer 5

1. Mature (benign) teratoma
2. Specialized (Monodermal) teratoma
3. Immature (malignant) teratoma

Question 6

Which type of teratomas are benign

Answer 6

• Mature teratoma
• Specialized (mondermal) tertoma

Question 7

Which type of teratomas are Malignant

Answer 7

Immature teratoma

Question 8

Most common site of mature teratoma

Answer 8

Ovary

Question 9

If mature teratoma contains fluid, its is also called ___

Answer 9

Dermoid cyst

Question 10

Gross morphology of Dermoid cyst (Mature teratoma)

Answer 10

Dermoid ridge:
* Skin
* Hair
* different tissues and structures (cartilage,bone, teeth)
* Cystic= contain sebascous material

Question 11

Microscopic morphology of dermoid cyst

Answer 11

Mature ectodermal structures:
* Skin
* Neuroglial cells
* Teeth

Mature Endodermal Structures:
* Thyroid tissue
* Glandular epithelium

Mature Mesodermal Structure:
* Cartilage
* Bone
* Adipose tissue
* fibrous tissue

Question 12

Malignant transformation occurs in ____ % of mature teratomas, most common malignancy is ______

Answer 12

• 1%
• Squamous cell Cacinoma (because skin)

Question 13

Define monodermal teratoma

Answer 13

teratomas that differentiate along line of a single abnormal tissue

Question 14

Example of monodermal teratoma

Answer 14

Struma Ovarii: benign ovarian tumor composed of Thyroid tissue

Question 15

Immature (malignant) teratoma arises from which type of cells

Answer 15

primative neuroectodermal

Question 16

Tissue of immature teratoma shows what type of elements

Answer 16

Embryonic elements instead of Adult element

Question 17

Grading of Immature teratoma is based on ____

Answer 17

amount of immature neuroepithelium in the tumor

Question 18

Low grade immature teratomas have ____ prognosis, while high grade respond to ____

Answer 18

• Excellent
• Chemotherapy

Question 19

What type of tumors are Embryonic tumors

Answer 19

all are Malignant

Question 20

cells that give rise to embryonic tumors

Answer 20

embryonic cell remnants (small basophilic cells)

Question 21

Enumerate examples of Embryonic tumors

Answer 21

all blastoma except osteoblastoma:
1. Neuroblastoma of adrenal medulla & sympathetic ganglia
2. Retinoblastoma of eye
3. Nephroblastoma of kindey
4. Hepatoblastoma
5. Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)

Question 22

Another name for Nephroblastoma

Answer 22

Wilm’s tumor

Question 23

Tumor like lesions are divided into

Answer 23

• Hamartoma
• Choristoma

Question 24

Causes of Hamartoma

Answer 24

Haphazard arrangements, causing developmental malformation

Question 25

true or false; hamartomas don't stop growing

Answer 25

false, they stop growing after puberty

Question 26

true or false, some hamartomas are precancerous

Answer 26

true

Question 27

Enumerate examples of Hamartoma

Answer 27

1. Lung hamartoma 2. Kidney hamartoma 3. Angioma 4. Pigmented nevi 5. Exostosis (osteochondroma) 6. Neurofibromatosis

Question 28

Define Choristoma

Answer 28

Congential anomaly of heterotropic rest of cells

Question 29

Another name for choristoma

Answer 29

Heterotropia

Question 30

Example of Choristoma

Answer 30

Small nodule of well developed normal pancreatic tissue found in mucosa of stomach, duodenum & small intestine