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Pathology (Mine) > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the highest new cancer rates for men?

A

Prostate
Lung and bronchus
Colon and rectum

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2
Q

What is the highest new cancer rates for women?

A

Breast cancer
Lung and bronchus
Colon and rectum

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3
Q

What are the most common cancers in children?

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia
CNS malignancy
Neuroblastoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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4
Q

What does nitrosamines cause?

A

Gastric cancer

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5
Q

What does cigarette smoke cause?

A

Multiple malignancies

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6
Q

What does polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons cause?

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

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7
Q

What does asbestos cause?

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma and mesothelioma

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8
Q

What does chromium and nickel cause?

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

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9
Q

What does arsenic cause?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin and lung

Angiosarcoma of liver

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10
Q

What does vinyl chloride cause?

A

Angiosarcoma of liver

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11
Q

What does aromatic amines and azo dyes cause?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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12
Q

What does alkylating agents cause?

A

Leukemia
Lymphoma
Other cancers

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13
Q

What does benzene cause?

A

Leukemia

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14
Q

What does naphthylamine cause?

A

Bladder cancer

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15
Q

What does exposure to radon cause and who does it effect?

A
  1. Lung cancer

2. Uranium miners

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16
Q

What types of viruses cause neoplasm?

A

RNA oncogenic viruses

DNA oncogenic virus

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17
Q

What virus is a RNA oncogenic virus?

A

Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1)

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18
Q

What does HTLV-1 cause?

A

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

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19
Q

What viruses are DNA oncogenic viruses?

A

Hepatitis B virus
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Kaposi-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8)

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20
Q

What does hepatitis B virus cause?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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21
Q

What does epstein-barr virus (EBV) cause?

A

Implicated in:
Burkitt lymphoma
B cell lymphomas in immunosuppressed patients
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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22
Q

What does the human papilloma virus (HPV) cause?

A 
Benign squamous papillomas (warts-condyloma acuminatum)
Cervical carcinoma
Vulvar carcinoma
Vaginal carcinoma
Penile carcinoma
Anal carcinoma
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23
Q

What does kaposi-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8) cause?

A

Kaposi sarcoma

Easy answer don’t get wrong

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24
Q

What does oncogenes FGF3 and FGF4 cause?

A

Cancer of the stomach, breast, bladder, and Kaposi sarcoma

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25
What is the gene product of FGF3 and FGF4?
Fibroblast growth factors
26
What is the mechanism of action of FGF3 and FGF4?
Overexpression
27
What does oncogene PGDFRA cause?
Astrocytoma
28
What is the gene product of PGDFRA?
Platelet derived growth factor
29
What is the mechanism of activation of PGDFRA?
Overexpression
30
What does the oncogene ERBB1 cause?
Squamous cell carcinoma of lung
31
What is the gene product of ERBB1?
Epidermal growth factor receptor
32
What is the mechanism of activation of ERBB1?
Overexpression
33
What does the oncogene ERBB2 cause?
Breast, ovary and lung tumors
34
What is the gene product of ERBB2?
Epidermal growth factor receptor
35
What is the mechanism of activation of ERBB2?
Amplification
36
What does oncogene ERBB3 cause?
Breast tumors
37
What is the gene product of ERBB3?
Epidermal growth factor receptor
38
What is the mechanism of activation of ERBB3?
Overexpression
39
What does oncogene RET cause?
MEN 2A and 2B, familial thyroid (medullary) cancer
40
What is the gene product of RET?
Glial neurotrophic factor receptor
41
What is the mechanism of activation of RET?
Point mutation
42
What does oncogene ABL cause?
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
43
What is the gene product of ABL?
bcr-abl fusion protein with tyrosine kinase activity
44
What is the mechanism of activation of ABL?
Translocation
45
What does the oncogene KRAS cause?
Lung pancreas and colon tumors
46
What is the gene product of KRAS?
GTP binding protein
47
What is the mechanism of activation of KRAS?
Point mutation
48
What does the oncogene MYC cause?
Burkitt lymphoma
49
What is the gene product of MYC?
Nuclear regulatory protein
50
What is the mechanism of activation of MYC?
Translocation t(8;14)
51
What does the oncogene MYCL cause?
Small cell lung carcinoma
52
What is the gene product of MYCL?
Nuclear regulatory protein
53
What is the mechanism of activation of MYCL?
Amplification
54
What does the oncogene MYCN cause?
Neuroblastoma
55
What is the gene product of MYCN?
Nuclear regulatory protein
56
What is the mechanism of activation of MYCN?
Amplification
57
What does the oncogene CCND1 cause?
Mantle cell lymphoma
58
What is the gene product of CCND1?
Cyclin D protein
59
What is the mechanism of activation of CCND1?
Translocation t(11;14)
60
What does the oncogene CDK4 cause?
Melanoma and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
61
What is the gene product of CDK4?
Cyclin dependent kinase
62
What is the mechanism of activation of CDK4?
Amplification
63
What does the tumor suppressor gene VHL cause?
von Hippel-Lindau disease and renal cell carcinoma
64
What does the tumor suppressor genes WT1 and WT2 cause?
Wilms tumor
65
What does the tumor suppressor gene RB1 cause?
Retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma
66
What does the tumor suppressor gene TP53 cause?
Lung, breast, colon and others
67
What does the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 cause?
Hereditary breast and ovary cancer
68
What does the tumor suppressor gene BRCA2 cause?
Hereditary breast cancer
69
What does the tumor suppressor gene APC cause?
Adenomatous polyps and colon cancer
70
What does the tumor suppressor gene DCC cause?
Colon cancer
71
What does the tumor suppressor gene NF1 cause?
Neurofibromas
72
What does the tumor suppressor gene NF2 cause?
Acoustic neuromas and meningiomas
73
What are the gross features of a benign tumor?
Small size Slow growing Encapsulated or well-demarcated borders
74
What are the gross features of a malignant tumor?
Larger in size Rapid growth Necrosis and hemorrhage are commonly seen Poorly demarcated
75
What is the microscopic features of a benign tumor?
1. Expansile growth with well-circumscribed borders 2. Tend to be well differentiated 3. Resemble the normal tissue counterpart from which they arise 4. Noninvasive and never metastasize
76
What is the microscopic features of a malignant tumor?
1. Vary from well to poorly (anaplastic) differentiated 2. Tumor cells vary in size and shape (pleomorphism) 3. Increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios 4. Nuclear hyperchromasia and prominent nucleoli 5. High mitotic activity with abnormal mitotic figures 6. Invasive growth pattern 7. Has potential to metastasize
77
What is the intermediate filament involved in carcinomas?
Keratin (expressed in all epithelial cells)
78
What is the intermediate filament involved in sarcomas?
Vimentin (expressed in mesenchymal cells)
79
What is the intermediate filament involved in uterine leimyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma?
Desmin (expressed in muscle cells)
80
What is the intermediate filament involved in pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma?
Neurofilament (expressed in CNS and PNS neurons, neural crest derivatives)
81
What is the intermediate filament involved in astrocytomas and ependymomas?
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) | expressed in glial cells

Pathology (Mine) (17 decks)

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