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Pathology (Mine) > Red Blood Cell Pathology > Flashcards

Red Blood Cell Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

Abnormal size

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2
Q

What is poikilocytosis?

A

Abnormal shape

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3
Q

What are elliptocytes seen in?

A

Hereditary elliptocytosis

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4
Q

What are spherocytes?

A

Result from decreased erythrocyte membrane, and they may be seen in hereditary spherocytosis and in autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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5
Q

What are target cells?

A

Result from increased erythrocyte membrane, and they may be seen in hemoglobinopathies, thalassemia, and liver disease

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6
Q

What are acanthocytes?

A

Have irregular spicules on their surfaces; numerous acanthocytes can be seen in abetalipoproteinemia

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7
Q

What are echinocytes (burr cells)?

A

Have smooth undulations on their surface; they may be seen in uremia or more commonly as an artifact

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8
Q

What are schistocytes?

A

Erythrocyte fragments (helmet cells are a type od schistocyte); they can be seen in microangiopathic hemolytic anemias or traumatic hemolysis

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9
Q

What are bite cells?

A

Erythrocytes with “bites” of cytoplasm being removed by splenic macrophages; they may be seen in G6PD deficiency

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10
Q

What are teardrop cells (dacrocytes)?

A

May be seen in thalassemia and myelofibrosis

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11
Q

What are sickle cells (drepanocytes)?

A

Seen in sickle cell anemia

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12
Q

What are rouleaux?

A

“Stack of coins”
Erythrocytes lining up in a row.
Characteristic of multiple myeloma

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13
Q

What is basophilic stippling?

A

Results from cytoplasmic remnants of RNA; it may indicate reticulocytosis or lead poisoning

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14
Q

What are Howell-Jolly bodies?

A

Remnants of nuclear chromatin that may occur in severe anemias or patients without spleens

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15
Q

What are pappenheimer bodies?

A

Composed of iron, and they may be found in the peripheral blood following splenectomy

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16
Q

What are ring sideroblasts?

A

Iron trapped abnormally in mitochondria, forming a ring around nucleus; they can be seen in sideroblastic anemia

17
Q

What are heinz bodies?

A

Result from denatured hemoglobin; they can be seen with G6PD deficiency

18
Q

Examples of microcytic anemias

A

Iron deficiency
Thalassemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Sideroblastic anemia

19
Q

Examples of macrocytic anemia

A

Alcoholic liver disease
Megaloblastic anemia:
B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency

20
Q

Examples of normocytic anemia with low reticulocyte cell count

A 
Marrow failure
Aplastic anemia
Myelofibrosis
Leukemia/Metastasis
Renal failure
Anemia of chronic diseases
21
Q

Examples of normocytic anemia with high reticulocyte cell count

A 
Sickle cell anemia
G6PD deficiency
Hereditary spherocytosis
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
22
Q

Examples of hemolytic anemias

A 
Hereditary spherocytosis 
G6PD deficiency 
Sickle cell disease
Hemoglobin C disease
Thalassemia
PNH
23
Q

Examples of immunohemolytic anemias

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
Cold AIHA
Blood transfusions
Hemolytic disease of the newborn

24
Q

Examples anemias of diminished erythropoiesis

A 
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 and Folate deficiency)
Iron deficiency anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Aplastic anemia
Myelophthisic anemia
Sideroblastic anemia
25
Q

What is anemia of chronic disease (AOCD)?

A

Characterized by iron being trapped in bone marrow macrophages, leading to decreased utilization of endogenous stores.

26
Q

What is hepcidin?

A

Negative regulator of iron uptake in the small intestine and of iron release from macrophages

27
Q

What is sideroblastic anemia?

A

Disorder in which the body has adequate iron stores, but is unable to incorporate the iron into hemoglobin

28
Q

What is hereditary spherocytosis?

A

Autosomal dominant disorder caused by a defect involving ankyrin and spectrin in the erythrocyte mebrane; this causes a decrease in the erythrocyte surface membrane

29
Q

What is paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?

A

Hemolytic anemia caused by an acquired somatic mutation of a gene (PICA) that encodes an anchor for proteins (CD55 and CD59) in the cell membrane, causing complement mediated lysis of red cells, white cells and platelets.

Pathology (Mine) (17 decks)

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