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6. SUGAR > Nephron HT > Flashcards

Nephron HT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 segments of the kidney?

Functions?

A

Renal corpuscle-filter
Proximal convoluted tubule-reabsorbing solutes
Loop of henle-concentrate urine
Distal convoluted tubule-reabsorbing water and solutes
Collecting duct-reabsorbing water + control acid base & ion balance

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2
Q

The glomerular tuft is supported by what?

A

Smooth muscle mesengial cells

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3
Q

What are the layers of the glomerular filtration barrier?

A

Fenestrated endothelium
Glomerular basement membrane(double thickness)
Podocyte foot process

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4
Q

Blood supply to the kidneys is….

A

20% CO (1L)

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5
Q

Glomerular filtrate had same conc as ….. except …..

A

Plasma

Albumin (membrane bound) 0

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6
Q

What is allowed to be filtered through?

A

Anything 10kDa or smaller

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7
Q

Glomerular basement membrane is negative as it produces…. To….

A

Heparin sulfate

Repels negative molecules (albumin)

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8
Q

The corpuscle contains…

A

Afferent and efferent arteriole

Bowman’s capsule

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9
Q

What cells are found in the glomerulus?

A

AA and EA
Endothelial cells
Mesengial cells

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10
Q

What are mesengial cells and their 3 functions?

A

Modified smooth muscles
Structural support
Contraction of muscles tightens glomerulus, reduces GFR
Involved in phagocytosis

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11
Q

What are the 3 parts of the equation for glomerular filtration?

A

Hydrostatic pressure out of capillary
Hydrostatic pressure out of bowman’s capsule
Oncotic pressure in capillary (albumins) (water move into capillary)

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12
Q

Why does the bowman’s capsule have no osmotic force?

A

Has no proteins

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13
Q

What is the only protein in urine?

Where is it produced?

A

Tamm horsfall protein (uromodulin)

Thick ascending limb

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14
Q

Equation for GFR?

A

GFR = Kf (Pgc - Pbs - pi gc)

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15
Q

What is the Kf?

A

125 ml/min

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16
Q

GFR is measured in clinic using?

A

Marker substance, creatinine

17
Q

Why is creatinine used?

A

Not metabolized
Not secreted/absorbed
Freely filtered

18
Q

How often is plasma filtered every 24 hours?

A

60x every 24 hours
3L plasma, 125ml/min
180L/24 hrs

19
Q

What is renal clearance?

A

Measure of how much a substance is secreted/absorbed

20
Q

What cells are involved in juxtaglomerular feedback?
Cells?
Function?

A 
Granular cells (endothelium of AA) - detect low BP
Macula densa (DCT) detects low NaCl
Mesengial cells - structural support
21
Q

What do granular cells release?

A

Renin

22
Q

When there is low NaCl and BP/sympathetic activation, what is released?

A

Renin secretion from granular cells to act on RAAS

23
Q

What 2 things increase GFR?

What happens to renal corpuscle blood flow?

A

Dilate AA
Constrict EA
Increased renal blood flow at renal corpuscle

24
Q

What 2 things decrease GFR?

What happens to renal corpuscle blood flow

A

Constrict AA
Dilate EA
Decreased blood at renal corpuscle

6. SUGAR (14 decks)

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