Acid Base Flashcards
What is the normal pH range?
7.35-7.45
How to calculate pH?
-log10[H+]
What is base excess?
Acid needed to restore normal pH
What is acidemia and alkalemia?
More acidic but normal range
More alkaline but normal range
What is acidosis and alkalosis?
Acidic below normal
Alkaline above normal
What is the anion gap?
The difference between measured anions (negative) and cations (positive)
What is the anion gap equation?
Normal range?
[Na+] + [K+] - [Cl-] - [HCO3-]
10-16
Where are urinary buffers found?
What are the main ones?
In the PCT
H2PO4
NH4+
Main=HCO3-
What is respiratory acidosis?
Causes?
Consequences?
Fail to get rid of CO2
Decreased pH
Increased HCO3-
Increased CO2
Hyperventilation
COPD
Resp failure type 1 & 2
Hypoxia
What is respiratory alkalosis?
Causes?
Consequences?
Too much CO2 lost in an increased pH as CO2 is lost
Increased pH
Decreased HCO3-
Decreased CO2
Hypoxia
Type 1 resp failure 
What is metabolic acidosis?
Causes?
Consequences?
Excess acid production (intercalated cells release acid) resulting in decreased pH
Decreased pH
Decreased HCO3-
Decreased CO2
Non hypoxia
Renal failure
What is metabolic alkalosis?
Causes?
Consequences?
Increase in pH
Increase pH
Increase HCO3-
increased CO2
Vomiting, hyperkalaemia
The body buffer is….
CO2 + H2O —-> H2CO3 —-> H+ + HCO3-
CO2 - resp (in breathing)
H+ and HCO3- = metabolic (cycled round body)
Can you have mixed acid/alkalosis?
Yes
The conc of buffers molecules in acid/alkalosis depend on…
Driving factor = ensuring the change
Compensation = trying to restore the normal
