Nerve Flashcards by Rizza May Amoren

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the otic ganglia through what nerves?

Lesser petrosal nerve

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Is a small parasympathetic ganglion that is functionally associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Otic ganglion

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Cranial nerves that contain preganglionic parasympathetic fibers:

Oculomotor ( ciliary ganglion )
Facial ( pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia )
Vagus ( small terminal ganglia)

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Receive preganglionic fibers from the parasympathetic division

Terminal ganglia

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What nerve provides major sensory innervation to the TMJ?

Auriculotemporal nerve

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Arterial blood supply of the TMJ?

Superficial temporal and maxillary branches of the external carotid artery

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The sympathetic response for the head and neck is mediated by cell bodies located in the:

Superior cervical ganglion

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3 sympathetic ganglia

Cervical ganglia
Thoracic chain ganglia
Lumbar and sacral ganglia

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Send postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the digestive tract below the upper colon, including the rectum, and to the smooth muscle and glands of the bladder, external genitalia.

Lumbar and sacral ganglia

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Is the combination of dropping of the eyelid (ptosis) and constriction of the pupil (miosis) sometimes accompanied by decreased sweating of the face on the same side; redness of the conjunctiva of the eyes is often also present.

Horner’s syndrome

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The cell bodies of visceral afferent fibers are located in:

Dorsal root ganglia

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What trigeminal nucleus is involved with the proprioception of the face?

Mesencepahalic nucleus

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It receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw

Main sensory nucleus

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Mediates pain and temperature from the head and neck.

Particular pain fibers synapse in ______

Spinal nucleus

Subnucleus caudalis

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The only cranial nerve that emerges from the dorsal aspect of the brain stem:

Trochlear nerve ( CN IV)

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The splanchnic nerves ( greater, lesser, and least) arise from the:

Thoracic sympathetic ganglion (chain)

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If this muscle is paralyzed, the tongue has a tendency to fall back and obstruct the oropharyngeal airway with risk of suffocation.

Genioglossus muscle

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The cervical plexus consists of anterior ramifications from C1-C4; some of these fibers reach the hyoid muscles by running concurrently with which cranial nerve?

Hypoglossal nerve

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Provides cutaneous innervation to the skin of the neck, shoulder and upper anterior chest wall as well as motor innervation to the infrahyoid (strap) muscles and geniohyoid muscle.

Cervical plexus (C1-C3)

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Major branches of cervical plexus:

Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
Great auricular nerve (C2 and C3)

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Provides sensory innervation for the skin over parotid gland and mastoid process

Great auricular nerve (C2 and C3)

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Four nerve plexuses

Cervical (C1-C4)
Brachial (C5-C8 and T1)
Lumbar ( L1-L4)
Sacral ( L4-L5 and S1-S4)

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The branch of trigeminal nerve that innervates the midface, palate and paranasal sinuses exits the cranial cavity through which structure?

Foramen rotundum

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It’s most frequently affected by tic doulourex

Maxillary division (V2)

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What trigeminal nerve branch is often affected with herpes zoster virus, whereas involvement of the lower two divisions?

Ophthlamic nerve (V1)

Branches of ophthalmic nerve

Lacrimal Frontal Nasociliary Supraorbital Supratrochlear Infratrochlear External nasal nerves

The mylohyoid nerve is derived from the inferior alveolar nerve just before it enters the mandibular foramen. The mylohyoid nerve descends in a groove on the deep surface of the ramus of the mandible, to supply the mylohyoid and what other muscle?

Anterior digastric

Function of mylohyoid:

Elevates hyoid bone, base of the tongue and floor of the mouth.

Swelling at te angle of the mandible and the lateral neck is often result of

deflection of exudates by the mylohyoid muscle

This nerve arises from the inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of mandibular division (V3)

Mylohyoid nerve

What nerve innervates the medial rectus muscle of the eyeball?

Oculomotor

This nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye; responsible for lateral gaze. Lesions of this nerve result in:

Abducens nerve ( CN VI) Medial strabismus (cross-eyed) and diplopia (double vision)

“Blink reflex” is an involuntary blinking of the eyelids elicited by stimulation of the cornea, or bright light.

Corneal reflex

The principal types of nerves found in the dental pulp are:

Sympathetic and afferent fibers

The only type of nerve endings found in the pulp and are specific receptors for pain.

Free nerve endings (afferent fibers)

What cranial nerve has visceral sensory innervation?

Vagus nerve

A component of the optic disc and papilla

Central artery

What ganglia receives fibers from the motor sensory and parasympathetic components of the facial nerve and send fibers that will innervates the lacrimal, submandibular , and sublingual glands?

Geniculate ganglion

Left optic tract contains:

Fibers from temporal half of the left eye and nasal half of the right eye

What nerve penetrates the thyrohyoid membrane?

Internal laryngeal nerve

Located in the ventrolateral medulla in its upper half. It is a column of motor neurons that sends its axons to the cranial nerves IX , X, and XI through its caudal portion.

Nucleus ambiguus

What cranial nerve supplies the derivatives of the hyoid arch?

Facial

A lesion of the facial nerve just after it exits from the stylomastoid foramen would result in:

An ipsilateral paralysis of facial muscles

The spinal part of accessory nerve enters the skull through _______, and then joins the cranial root. Together they leave the skull through the __________.

Foramen magnum, jugular foramen

The spinal part of the accessory nerve supplies the:

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle

General sensation of anterior 2/3 of the tongue, lingual gingiva of lower arch

Lingual nerve Origin - mandibular nerve (V3)

Supplies upper lip

Infraorbital O - maxillary nerve (V2)

Taste sensation of anterior 2/3 of the tongue ( except the vallate papillae )

Chorda tympani O - facial nerve (CN VII)

Palatal side of the upper anterior teeth (incisal area)

Nasopalatine nerve O- pterygopalatine ganglion

General and taste sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue ( including the vallate papillae )

Glossopharyngeal

Palatal side of the upper teeth (except the incisal area)

Greater palatine nerve O- pterygopalatine ganglion

Taste sensation of the base of the tongue and epiglottis

Vagus

Upper anterior teeth and buccal surfaces in upper anterior teeth

Anterior superior alveolar nerve O- maxillary nerve V2

Lower premolar and molar teeth and buccal surfaces in the molar region

Inferior alveolar nerve O- mandibular nerve V3

Lower anterior teeth

Incisive nerve O- IAN

Anterior aspects of the chin and lower lip as well as the buccal gingivae of the mandibular anterior teeth and premolars

Mental nerve O- IAN

Buccal surfaces in the molar region

Buccal nerve O- mandibular nerve (V3)

Upper molar teeth (except the mesiobuccal root of the 1M) and buccal surface in the molar region

Posterior superior alveolar nerve O- maxillary nerve (V2)

Upper premolar teeth, mesiobuccal root of upper 1M and buccal surfaces in the molar region

MSAN O- maxillary nerve (V2)

What nerve is derived from both medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus?

Median

Is a somatic nerve plexus formed by intercommunications among the ventral rami of the lower 4 cervical nerves (C5-C8) and the first thoracic nerve (T1).

Brachial plexus

Brachial plexus supplies all of cutaneous innervation of the upper limb with the exception of an area near the..

Axilla (armpit) - supplied by intercostobrachial nerve

This nerve is derived from the lateral cord; innervates the muscles in the flexor compartment of the arm; it carries sensation from the lateral (radial ) side of the forearm.

Musculocutaneous nerve - a terminal branch of brachial plexus

Derived from the medial cord; supplies the motor innervation mainly to intrinsic muscles of the hand; carries sensory innervation from the medial (ulnar) 1 1/2 digits (the 5th and 1/2 of the 4 digits)

Ulnar nerve

Derived from both lateral and medial cords; supplies motor innervation to most of flexor muscles in the forearm and intrinsic muscles of the thumb; it carries sensory innervation from the lateral (radial ) 3 & 1/2 digits

Median nerve

Derived from posterior cord; supplies the motor innervation to deltoid and teres minor muscles only; carries sensory innervation from the skin just below the point of the shoulder.

Axillary nerve

Derived from posterior cord; the “great extensor nerve”; innervates the extensor muscles of the elbow, wrist and fingers; it carries sensory innervation from the skin in the sprain of the hand on the radial side.

Radial nerve

What sensory receptor is most sensitive to linear acceleration?

Macula

Special sensory (special somatic afferent) that is, special sensations of hearing and equilibrium.

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

It is composed of the central processes of bipolar neurons in the spinal ganglion; the peripheral processes of the neurons extend to the spinal organ; concerned with hearing.

Cochlear nerve

The true organ of hearing, a spiral structure within cochlea containing hair cells that are stimulated by sounds vibrations.

Organ of corti