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nerves 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory function

A

receives incoming information (stimuli) from sensory receptors

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2
Q

Integrative function

A

Interprets and processes information to determine appropriate response

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3
Q

Effector function

A

produces outgoing signals to initiate a response in muscles (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) or glands

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4
Q

Two primary subdivision of the Nervous system

A

1) CNS (Central Nervous system)

2) PNS (Peripheral Nervous system

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5
Q

CNS stands for and includes

A

Central Nervous system

-brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

PNS stands for and includes

A

Peripheral Nervous system

-neural tissue outside of CNS

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7
Q

Central nervous system functions and contained where

A
  • within skull and vertebral column
  • simple reflexes
  • complex reflexes
  • higher order functions
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8
Q

higher order functions include

A

-memory, learning, and intelligence

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9
Q

Peripheral nervous system is contained where and include what?

A
  • mostly outside of skull and vertebral column
  • peripheral nerves
  • peripheral gaggia
  • sensory organs of vision, hearing, etc
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10
Q

peripheral nerves include

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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11
Q

peripheral ganglia include

A
  • sensory ganglia

- autonomic nervous system ganglia (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

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12
Q

Peripheral nerves include what receptors?

A

afferent and efferent division

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13
Q

affarent division

A

brings sensory information from receptors, ascending pathways to brain

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14
Q

efferent division

A

carries motor commands to effectors

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15
Q

somatic efferent nerves

A

to skeletal muscles

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16
Q

autonomic efferent nerves

A

to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands

-sympathetic and parasympathetic

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17
Q

Neurons

A

electrically active cells that process and conduct information in the form of electrical signals

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18
Q

neuroglia (glial cells)

A

support cells

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19
Q

glial cells in the PNS

A

satellite cells, schwann cells

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20
Q

glial cells in the cns

A

oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

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21
Q

CNS collection of nerve cell processes (fibers) for transmission of information

A

white matter, fiber tract, column

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22
Q

CNS collection of nerve cell bodies for processing information

A

grey matter, nucleus, cortex

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23
Q

PNS collection of nerve cell processes (fibers) for transmission of information

A

nerve

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24
Q

PNS collection of nerve cell bodies for processing of information

A

ganglia

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25
neuroglial cells are located where and do what?
surround and support both nerve cell bodies and processes
26
Grey matter of spinal cord processing and integration, posterior
Posterior (dorsal) gray horns contains somatic and visceral sensory nuclei, sensory neurons flow in
27
Grey matter of spinal cord processing and integration, anterior
anterior (ventral) gray horns deal with somatic motor control
28
lateral gray horns contain
visceral (ANS) motor neurons, cell bodies of ANS
29
size of grey matter
(# of nerve cells) related to size of body area innervated | -cervical and lumbar enlargements
30
white matter of spinal cord divided into what six (funiculi) containing tracts
posterior, anterior, lateral columns
31
white matter functions, ascending tracts
relay information from the spinal cord to the brain
32
white matter functions descending tracts
tracts carry information from the brain to the spinal cord
33
Spinal cord, dorsal root is what kind of nerve?
sensory (afferent)
34
Spinal cord, ventral root is what kind of nerve?
motor (efferent)
35
spinal nerves are a mixture of what fibers?
sensory and motor fibers
36
Each spinal nerve receives sensory input from ...?
one dermatome
37
how many spinal cord "segments" defined by spinal nerves/
31, (8C, 12T, 5L, 5S, 1Co)
38
Dermatomes
Region of skin monitored by the sensory afferents of a single spinal segment
39
Telencephalon
cerebrum or cerebral hemispheres
40
Diencephalon
thalamus and hypothalamus
41
Mesencephalon
midbrain
42
Metenchephalon
pons and cerebellum
43
Myelencephalon
medulla oblongata
44
adult brain regions
Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metenchephalon, | Myelencephalon
45
grey matter of brainstem and brain (processing and integration), cortex of cerebral hemispheres
highest level of processing
46
grey matter of brainstem and brain (processing and integration), basal nuclei of cerebral hemispheres
motor control, motor feedback mechanism to produce the right command
47
grey matter of brainstem and brain (processing and integration),thalamus
processing sensory information, interactions with hypothalamus
48
grey matter of brainstem and brain (processing and integration),hypothalamus
ANS and endocrine control, master control center for ANS
49
grey matter of brainstem and brain (processing and integration),cortex of cerebellum
motor control
50
grey matter of brainstem and brain (processing and integration),various brainstem nuclei
...?
51
grey matter of brainstem and brain (transmitting information) Projection fibers
ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord, brain stem, and brain
52
grey matter of brainstem and brain (transmitting information) association fibers
connect between areas on the same side of the CNS
53
grey matter of brainstem and brain (transmitting information) Commissural fibers
connect between areas on opposite sides of the CNS, the right and left sides
54
Protection and support of CNS
- skull, vertebrae, ligaments, muscles - meninges - cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) - Blood-brain barrier
55
embryology of the brain, brain and spinal cord tissue
- neurons and glial cells | - develop from the cells in the walls of of the developing hollow neural tube
56
embryology of the brain, Ventricles of the brain and spinal canal of spinal cord
-develop from hollow center of developing neural tube
57
meninges layers
Dura mater Arachnoid Pia mater
58
meninges functions
- Provide physical stability and shock absorption | - Support blood vessels entering and exiting CNS tissue
59
spinal meninges, base
to coccyx via filum terminale and coccygeal ligament
60
spinal meninges, top
to periosteum of foramen magnum
61
spinal meninges,Laterally
spinal meninges
62
spinal meninges
- anchor spinal cord - Provide cushioning - Epidural space with epidural fat separates dura mater from walls of vertebral canal - Subarachnoid space is filled with CSF
63
Cranial meninges
- continuous with the three layers of the spinal cord - folds of dura mater help stabilize the position of the brain - subarachnoid space filled with CSF
64
how many dura layers in cranial meninges
two
65
name of folds of dura mater
Falx cerebri, Tentorium cerebelli, Falx cerebelli | -contain sinuses that serve as veins
66
CSF produced where?
produced in the ventricles | -Fluid diffuses out of capillaries of the Choroid plexus into ventricles
67
CSF pathway
- Exits ventricles into subarachnoid space through apertures of 4th ventricle - Circulates through subarchnoid space of spinal and cranial meninges - Exits across the arachnoid granulations into the superior sagittal sinus (vein)
68
CSF comes from?
the blood and returns to the blood
69
CSF functions
- transports nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products - provides cushioning and buoyancy
70
blockage of CSF
-causes pressure in ventricles
71
blockage of CSF consequences
- enlarging ventricles damage neural tissue | - hydocephalus - "water on the brain"

Anatomy (12 decks)

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